孟子民本思想及其当代价值研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 02:00

本文关键词：孟子民本思想及其当代价值研究　出处：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国传统社会,民本思想作为治国安邦的重要理念,始终是中华民族独具特色的治国思想,充分体现出古老的中华民族在治理国家和平定天下过程中的远见卓识。孟子继承了夏商周时期的“重民”思想和孔子的“仁爱”理念,并对其进行了充分的发展,形成了相对完备而且系统的民本思想。孟子民本思想将人民放在政治统治根基的位置,承认并且重视百姓在国家安定和发展中的地位和作用,强调统治者要关爱民众,施仁政,这种“民贵君轻”的民本价值观在中国漫长的历史长河中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。时至今日,孟子民本思想依然对我们建设中国特色社会主义,实现和谐稳定具有重要的借鉴意义。本文第一部分论述孟子民本思想产生的思想渊源和哲学基础,思想渊源中包含殷周时期“民为邦本,本固邦宁”思想,孔子的“仁者爱人”观点；哲学基础中详细论述孟子的“性善论”和“天命观”。第二部分是孟子民本思想的主要内容,本文从“民本”与“重民”、“王道”与“霸道”、“君主”与“民众”之间的关系以及实现民本思想的制度安排四个方面论述孟子民本思想的主要内容。第三部分是对孟子民本思想的评价,既要看到其肯定了民众的地位和作用,在一定程度上限制了君主的权利,抑制了统治阶级过度的剥削和压迫,促进了社会生产力发展,改善了人民的生活状况等积极作用,肯定民本思想是当今中国“以人为本”构建和谐社会的重要借鉴；也要明确民本思想无法涉及社会权力的分配,而且缺乏相应的保障以及带有强烈的理想色彩,是一种当时无法实现的超前方案。第四部分分析了孟子民本思想的当代价值,本文从政治、经济、教育、社会四个方面挖掘孟子民本思想对当今社会发展的价值。政治方面论述了“民贵君轻”对“以人为本”和完善民主政治的借鉴意义；经济方面论述了“制民之产”对关注民生和密切联系群众的借鉴意义；教育方面主要论述“谨庠序之教”对教育为本和德育优先的借鉴意义；社会方面论述了“推恩于民”对完善社会保障制度的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In the Chinese traditional society, as an important idea of ruling the country and security, the people-oriented thought has always been the unique thought of the Chinese nation. Mencius inherited the thought of "respecting the people" in the period of Xia, Shang and Zhou and Confucius'"benevolence". And has carried on the full development to it, has formed the relatively complete and systematic people-oriented thought. Mencius people-oriented thought put the people in the political ruling foundation position. Recognize and attach importance to the people in the national stability and development of the status and role, emphasizing that rulers should care for the people, Shi benevolent government. This kind of people-oriented value of "people and noble monarchies" plays an indelible role in the long history of China. To this day, Mencius' people-oriented thought still builds socialism with Chinese characteristics. Achieving harmony and stability is of great significance. The first part of this paper discusses the ideological origin and philosophical basis of Mencius' people-oriented thought, which includes the idea of "the people are the foundation of the state" and the "benevolent lover" of Confucius during the Yin and Zhou dynasties. The second part is the main content of Mencius' people-oriented thought. The relationship between "monarch" and "populace" and the system arrangement of realizing people-oriented thought are discussed in four aspects: the main contents of Mencius people-oriented thought. The third part is the evaluation of Mencius people-oriented thought. It should be seen that it affirmed the status and role of the people, restricted the rights of the monarch to a certain extent, restrained the excessive exploitation and oppression of the ruling class, and promoted the development of social productive forces. Improve the people's living conditions and other positive effects, and affirm that the people-oriented thought is an important reference for the construction of a harmonious society in China. It is also necessary to make it clear that the people-oriented thought cannot involve the distribution of social power, and it lacks the corresponding protection and has a strong ideal color. 4th part analyzes the contemporary value of Mencius' people-oriented thought, this article from politics, economy, education. The four aspects of the society excavate the value of Mencius' people-oriented thought to the development of the society today. In the political aspect, the author discusses the reference significance of "the people and the noble monarchy" to the "people-oriented" and the perfection of the democratic politics. In the aspect of economy, the paper discusses the significance of "controlling the property of the people" to pay close attention to the people's livelihood and to keep in close touch with the masses. In the aspect of education, the author mainly discusses the reference meaning of "Xiang Xiang preface" to the education and moral education priority; From the social aspect, this paper discusses the significance of "pushing kindness to the people" to perfect the social security system.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D092

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