越南经济改革发展过程中的政府作用及效果分析

发布时间：2018-01-25 17:54

本文关键词： 越南政府作用改革开放对外贸易外国直接投资　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为世界上为数不多的社会主义国家之一的越南,与我国有着相似的发展模式和共同目标。从50年代实现独立及南北统一后,越南在越南共产党的带领下,开始了一系列经济发展和改革开放。经过20多年的曲折发展和磨难,越南最终一跃而起成为东南亚经济增长的重要驱动力。研究越南经济发展和改革政策的经验教训,对于中国完善社会主义市场经济具有现实意义,其政府角色作用经验也一定程度值得我国的研究与借鉴。另外,从对外关系视角着手,分析越南政府在对外贸易和外国直接投资两大拉动经济增长领域的政策及其效果,也有助于进一步理解越南经济发展的内涵和根本动力。本文以政府干预和主导理论为基础,以越南独立统一为时间轴,阐述和总结了近三十年来越南改革开放与经济发展的成果。通过研究,本文认为,越南在越南共产党的正确领导下,实现了国内、对外经济的双飞跃：在国内越南经历了三大改革阶段,即起步探索的第一阶段(1976-1986)、全面展开的第二阶段(1986-1996)和逐渐深化的第三阶段(1996-2006),最终不仅成功建立了公正有序的市场经济体制,而且充分发挥了非国有经济体的积极作用；在对外关系上越南政府主要以构建制度体系、为贸易和投资提供优良环境为主导思想,致力于优惠政策的制定、行政手续的简化与多边关系的建立。在贸易方面,政府通过降低关税、建立双边或多边贸易机制、出台相关法律规定以及制定长期发展战略等行为促进了越南的进出口贸易。在吸收外国直接投资方面,政府以制定积极外商投资政策法律,开发投资领域、多元化投资方式等来增加外国对越南的投入,经历了从1987-1996的初步创立、1998-2003的深化修订到2006以来的综合完善三大阶段,将越南打造成具有吸引力的世界投资热点地区之一。最后,就越南与中国经济发展改革过程中的异同做简单比较分析。本文认为越南政府在经济改革发展过程中扮演了主导角色,但其政府作用处于一个不断变化的过程,河内对于自身与市场的关系做了深刻的思考,并逐渐根据现实情况调整政府角色。越南发展的经验教训告诉我们政府对经济的干预需要保持一个适当的尺度,与此同时,政府必须根据其国家发展状况以及政治经济目标来调整和发挥其政府经济作用。总而言之,政府与市场的平衡关系总是随着历史背景和发展环境的变化而变化。
[Abstract]:As one of the few socialist countries in the world, Vietnam has similar development model and common goal with our country. Since 50s, after realizing independence and unification of north and south, Vietnam has been under the leadership of the Vietnamese Communist Party. Began a series of economic development and reform and opening up, after more than 20 years of tortuous development and suffering. Vietnam has finally become an important driving force for economic growth in Southeast Asia. It is of practical significance for China to improve the socialist market economy by studying the experience and lessons of Vietnam's economic development and reform policies. The experience of the role of government is also worthy of our country's research and reference to a certain extent. In addition, from the perspective of external relations. This paper analyzes the policies and effects of the Vietnamese government in the fields of foreign trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). It is also helpful to further understand the connotation and fundamental motive force of Vietnam's economic development. This paper is based on the theory of government intervention and leading, and takes the independent unification of Vietnam as the time axis. This paper expounds and summarizes the achievements of Vietnam's reform and opening up and economic development in the past 30 years. Through the research, this paper holds that Vietnam has realized the domestic situation under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Two leaps in foreign economy: Vietnam experienced three major stages of reform in China, namely, the first stage of initial exploration (1976-1986). The second stage (1986-1996) and the third stage (1996-2006), which were carried out in an all-round way, not only succeeded in establishing a fair and orderly market economy system. Moreover, the positive role of the non-state-owned economy has been brought into full play; In the aspect of foreign relations, the Vietnamese government mainly takes the construction of institutional system and provides a good environment for trade and investment as the leading thought, and devotes itself to the formulation of preferential policies. The simplification of administrative procedures and the establishment of multilateral relations. In the area of trade, governments establish bilateral or multilateral trading mechanisms by lowering tariffs. The introduction of relevant laws and regulations and the formulation of long-term development strategies have promoted Viet Nam's import and export trade. In terms of attracting foreign direct investment, the government formulates active foreign investment policies and laws, and develops investment areas. Diversification of investment means to increase foreign investment in Vietnam has experienced three stages from the initial establishment of 1987-1996 to the deepening revision of 1998-2003 to the comprehensive improvement since 2006. Make Vietnam one of the most attractive places to invest in the world. Finally. This paper makes a simple comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in the process of economic development and reform between Vietnam and China. This paper holds that the Vietnamese government has played a leading role in the process of economic reform and development, but its government role is in a constantly changing process. Hanoi has thought deeply about the relationship between itself and the market and has gradually adjusted the role of the government according to the reality. The experience and lessons of Vietnam's development tell us that the government's intervention in the economy needs to maintain an appropriate scale. At the same time, the Government must adjust and fulfil its economic role in accordance with its national development and its political and economic objectives... The balance between government and market always changes with the change of historical background and development environment.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D733.3;F133.3

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