美国对受政府控制投资者国际规制的态度演变——兼论其近年来的规则和逻辑

发布时间：2018-02-02 20:07

本文关键词： 受政府控制投资者竞争中立《美—韩自由贸易协定》《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》　出处：《中国流通经济》2016年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：受政府控制的投资者在经济层面上具有天然的攫取利益优势,更容易并可能导致一国经济运行的非平衡与非公平性,扰乱市场秩序,损害其他投资者利益。对受政府控制的投资者进行规制并不新鲜,美国一直以来就在双边投资协定或自由贸易协定中有相关规定。由于国际政治经济形势的变化,美国对上述投资者的规制,从《美国—韩国自由贸易协定》缔结至《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》尘埃落定的近10年间,经历了一个标准调整的过程,突出表现为从高水平高标准模式向折中模式演变,再向最高水平和标准迈进。美国政府就同一议题对不同的缔约方做出不同的规定,标准及水平也不尽相同,以保证其在全球范围内的经济、军事、政治利益最大化;在规制模式上基本采取同一范式,规制对象则限定在国有企业及国有垄断两个层面;此种规制建立在竞争中立的理论基础之上,所有政策都是对美国"新贸易政策"的积极落实。
[Abstract]:The investors controlled by the government have the natural advantage of seizing benefits on the economic level, and it is easier and more likely to lead to the unbalanced and unfair operation of a country's economy, thus disrupting the order of the market. Damage to the interests of other investors. The regulation of investors controlled by the government is not new. The United States has always had relevant provisions in bilateral investment agreements or free trade agreements. As a result of the changes in international political and economic situation, the United States has regulated these investors. From the conclusion of the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement to the conclusion of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, the dust has been settled in the past 10 years, which has experienced a process of standard adjustment. This is highlighted by the evolution from a high level high standard model to a compromise model, and then towards the highest level and standard. The United States Government makes different provisions on the same subject for different parties, and the standards and levels are not the same. To ensure its global economic, military and political benefits maximized; In the regulation mode, it basically adopts the same paradigm, and the regulation object is limited to the state-owned enterprises and the state-owned monopoly. This regulation is based on the theory of competition neutrality, all policies are positive implementation of the "new trade policy" of the United States.
【作者单位】：复旦大学经济学院;上海WTO事务咨询中心;
【分类号】：F757.12
【正文快照】： 一、问题的提出与背景相较于私人投资者,受政府控制的投资者在经济层面上具有天然的攫取利益优势,它们可能获得不透明的补贴以及国内市场保护所带来的好处[1],因此更容易并可能导致一国经济运行的非平衡与非公平性,扰乱市场秩序,损害其他投资者利益。就此情况,早在2008年,由美

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