面向准共有的思考:共同肖像的民法保护

发布时间：2018-02-06 03:39

本文关键词： 肖像共同肖像肖像权肖像利益肖像利益准共有　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在这个日新月异、瞬息变化的社会里,科技的发展使得数字技术得到普遍应用,从而促使影像作品的制作过程更加简单和传播方式更为快捷,传播的范围也更加广泛。影像作品制作和传播技术的进步有利于加强社会经济发展与联系,并且使得人们接触和使用这一类的作品也变得更加方便快捷。然而,影视作品给我们带来各种利益以及便利的同时,也引发了诸多与保护共同肖像相关的法律问题,诸如共同肖像中各肖像人的权利应当如何进行保护的问题,如何分配共同肖像中个人的肖像权的问题,以及在利用共同肖像的过程中权利主体之间的主张应如何协调的问题,等等。此类问题给司法实务操作带来了诸多不便。近年来,我国有关共同肖像的案件屡见不鲜,但是我国现行的民事法律法规却缺乏针对共同肖像的专门规定,而法学理论界对于如何保护和协调共同肖像中各权利主体的合法权益以及是否应当设置专门的法律制度来调整因共同肖像而产生的法律关系也存在很大分歧。各地法院在审理这一类案件时,由于遭遇法律空白,缺乏统一的裁判标准,导致庭审结果各有不同。随着公民权利保护意识的不断加强和科技文明的日益进步,越来越多的新型权利应运而生。为使人们对自身权利保护的需求得到最大的满足,肖像利益的准共有应当作为一项新型权利样态纳入肖像权的保护规范当中。笔者在重点研究我国有关肖像权纠纷判决的基础上,结合国内对肖像权保护的理论,以准共有制度思考解决共同肖像中各方权利主体的肖像权益协调与保护。第一部分,通过姚明诉可口可乐公司案提出问题。在介绍和分析具体案件后得出,当代社会中“人的肖像”早已远远超出了其固有的基础范围,成为了政治经济文化活动的重要构成部分。近年来,又陆陆续续出现了许多有关所谓的“集体肖像权”的案件,引起司法实务界和法学理论界的激烈争论。第二部分,公民肖像权益的法律界定。在提出问题的基础上具体分析公民的肖像利益的内涵和外延。一方面是分析肖像、肖像权、肖像利益等的含义、特征、性质等基础问题以探讨肖像利益是否具有适用准共有的可行性,另一方面则是引用司法裁判案例对所谓的集体肖像权进行否定性分析,集体不能作为主体享有肖像权,有关集体肖像的权利主体应当是集体肖像中的单个自然人而不是集体,而且,集体肖像的概念也是不成立的,应用共同肖像的概念取而代之。第三部分,具体探讨肖像利益的准共有以及肖像利益准共有法律制度的内涵,对肖像利益准共有进行理论思考。既然说集体肖像的实质就是肖像利益的准共有,那么就有必要弄清楚肖像利益的准共有的概念、特征和性质以及其法律制度的内容。第四部分,阐明关于我国肖像利益准共有法律制度的设想。首先强调在我国构建肖像利益准共有制度具有现实需要和深远意义,紧接介绍肖像利益准共有应以肖像权的财产利益为前提,同时得注意在引入共有制度解决共同肖像问题应顾及肖像权的人格权的基本属性,最后在结合我国物权法上的共有制度提出肖像利益准共有制度基本规则的建议,采用共有制度的特殊形式——准共有制度解决共同肖像引起的一系列法律问题。肖像利益准共有的权利主体仍然是自然人,法人或其他组织不能成为这项权利的权利主体。肖像利益准共有是通过借鉴物权法中的共有制度而建立起来的,对于共有制度的基本规则原则上适用于肖像利益准共有制度之中,但是肖像利益准共有法律制度同样拥有其本身所特有的规则。在处理有关肖像利益准共有法律关系的时候,除了遵循共有制度的基本规则之外,还应当遵循肖像利益准共有法律制度的特殊规则。
[Abstract]:In this rapidly changing society change rapidly, the development of science and technology, the digital technology has been widely used, the production process so as to promote the image work easier and more efficient mode of transmission, the spread of a wider range of images. The production and dissemination of technological progress is conducive to strengthening the economic and social development and make people contact and contact and the use of this kind of work has become more and more convenient. However, at the same time, a variety of film and television works bring convenience and benefits to us, it also brings a lot of problems related to the protection of law and common people such as the portrait, portrait portrait of the common rights should be how to protect the problem, how to allocate the personal portrait in common the portrait right, and right in the process by using the common portrait of the subject in claim should be the problem of how to coordinate, and so on. These problems to our Law practice has brought a lot of inconvenience. In recent years, China's relevant common portrait case but our current It is often seen., civil laws and regulations are lack of special provisions for common portraits, and the theory of the law on how to protect the legitimate rights and interests and coordination of all rights in the main body of the common image and whether it should set up a special legal system to adjust the legal relationship caused by common portrait is also controversial. Around the court in this kind of case, due to encounter legal gaps, lack of unified judgment standard, leading to the trial results are different. With the increasing progress of civil rights protection consciousness constantly strengthen and civilization of science and technology, more and more new rights came into being to enable people to protect their rights needs to satisfy the interests of the total quasi portrait, should be used as a new right of state Na The portrait right protection specification. On the basis of the judgment about the portrait right dispute in our country in the focus, combined with the domestic theory on the protection of portrait right, quasi total system on rights protection and coordination to solve the portraits of all subjects of rights in the common portrait. In the first part, put forward by Yao Ming v. Coca Cola Co concluded. On the introduction and analysis of specific cases, in contemporary society, "portrait" has already far exceeded the scope of its inherent foundation, become the important component of political economic and cultural activities. In recent years, and has continued to appear in many of the so-called "collective portrait" cases, has caused heated controversy in judicial practice and the theory of the law. In the second part, the definition of civil rights law. The portrait of connotation and extension based on the problems specific analysis of citizen portrait interest. On the one hand Is the analysis of portrait, portrait, portrait of the interests of the meaning, characteristics, basic problems to explore the nature of portrait interest whether there is quasi common feasibility, on the other hand is a reference to judicial case of the so-called collective portrait of negative analysis, as the main body of the collective can not enjoy the right of portrait rights concerning collective portrait it should be a single natural person collective portrait rather than in the collective, and the concept of collective portrait is not established, the concept of common application instead of portraits. The third part, the connotation of total and quasi total portrait interest of the legal system of quasi specific interests of the portrait, portrait interest has quasi theoretical thinking. Since that is the essence of collective portrait portrait of the interests of the quasi total, so it is necessary to make clear the quasi portrait interest common concept, characteristics and nature of the legal system The contents of the fourth part, clarify ideas about China's legal system is quasi portrait interest. First emphasized in our country to build a total of quasi portrait interest is realistic and far-reaching significance of the system, and then introduces the common interests should be based on the quasi portrait portrait right of property interests, at the same time to pay attention to the basic attribute in the introduction total system solutions to common problems should take into account the portrait portrait right of personality right, finally in combination with China's property law on the total system of interest consists of the basic rules of quasi portrait system, using a special form of total system - there are a series of legal problems caused by the system to solve the common portrait portrait interest. Quasi common rights are still the main natural persons, legal persons or other organizations can not become the right subject of this right. There is a portrait of interest by drawing in the real right law has established the system of The basic rules for common principles applicable to quasi total portrait interest system, but there are quasi portrait interest legal system also has its own unique rules. When dealing with the portrait of a legal relationship of interest, in addition to follow the basic rules of CO ownership, should also be special rules follow the quasi total portrait interest of the legal system.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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