美国对莱茵兰的占领研究，1918-1923

发布时间：2018-02-15 19:52

本文关键词： 莱茵兰美国军政府莱茵兰高级委员会莱茵分离主义运动　出处：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：第一次世界大战结束后,美国随同协约国集团,参与德国莱茵兰的分区占领。美国威尔逊政府在战前及战争期间,没有出兵莱茵兰的意图,但是迫于法国的压力,美国被迫充当“不情愿的占领者”。1918年12月,美军随英国、法国和比利时军队进驻莱茵兰。美国占领区以科布伦茨为首府,由美国军政府管制。1920年,莱茵兰高级委员会取代军政府,继续管理占领区。美国占领者在莱茵兰基本实现了维持政治、经济和社会秩序稳定的目的。其中美国占领者通过取消亲善禁令,改善美军同德国民众之间的关系；凭借拒斥莱茵分离主义运动的渗透,协调美方与其他占领国的对德政策。1923年1月,鲁尔危机爆发,美军全部撤离莱茵兰。美国参与莱茵兰占领的历程到此结束。从微观视野看,美国占领者成功地维持了占领区的基本稳定。从宏观视角看,协约国出兵莱茵兰,不但无助于解决德国问题,反而加剧了欧洲大陆的不稳定。由于协约国在处理莱茵兰问题上的整体决策失败,美国在占领区取得的局部成功,没有对两次世界大战之间的德国局势和国际安全格局产生显著的积极影响。
[Abstract]:After the end of the first World War, the United States, along with the Allied Group, took part in the partition occupation of the German Rhineland. The Wilson administration of the United States had no intention of sending troops to Rhineland before the war or during the war, but under pressure from France. The United States was forced to act as a "reluctant occupier." in December 1918, the United States entered Rhineland with British, French and Belgian forces. The occupied territories of the United States were controlled by the United States military junta, with Koblenz as its capital. The Rhineland High Council replaced the military junta and continued to administer the occupied territories. The American occupiers basically achieved the goal of maintaining political, economic and social stability in the Rhineland. Among them, the American occupiers lifted the goodwill ban. To improve relations between the US military and the German people; to coordinate the policies of the United States and other occupying powers towards Germany by rejecting the infiltration of the Rhine separatist movement. In January 1923, the Ruhr crisis broke out. The U. S. military withdrew completely from Rhineland. This is the end of America's participation in the Rhineland occupation. From a microscopic perspective, the American occupiers succeeded in maintaining the basic stability of the occupied territories. From a macro perspective, the allies sent troops to Rhineland, which did not help solve the German problem. Instead, the instability in the European continent has been exacerbated. The United States has achieved partial success in the occupied territories as a result of the failure of the allies' overall decision to deal with the Rhineland issue. There was no significant positive impact on the German situation and the international security landscape between the two world wars.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K712

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