开封市城市人居环境质量评价研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 17:49

本文关键词： 城市人居环境评价指标体系优化开封市　出处：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市作为区域政治、经济、文化的中心，交通发达，基础设施完善，具有明显的区位优势，越来越多的农民选择来城市就业、居住。伴随着大批农民涌入城市，中国城市化速度发展迅猛，盲目的扩大城市规模和对经济效益的追求，使城市的交通、生态环境、居住空间等资源受到前所未有的冲击，经济水平提高的同时，城市的居住环境受到了严重的威胁，如何营造一个优美的人居环境逐渐成为许多专家学者讨论的热门话题。随着可持续发展战略的实施和新型城镇化的提出，建设和谐的人居环境成为城市发展的重要目标。城市人居环境质量评价是城市人居环境研究的重要组成部分，通过对城市人居环境质量的评价，我们可以了解城市的人居环境发展现状，并针对存在的问题，提出提升城市人居环境的建议。国内外对人居环境质量评价在理论和实践上都作了大量的研究，关于城市人居环境评价的方法大多采用主观或客观单一的研究方法，研究区域大多是经济较发达的一线城市，而对经济发展一般的城市研究较少。本文以经济发展一般的城市为例，尝试着采用主观和客观相结合的研究方法，即采用主观调查问卷的形式和建立客观指标体系模型相结合，，使结论分析更加科学。（1）本文以开封为例，结合实际，总结了国内外的人居环境研究进展，阐述了人居环境和城市人居环境的内涵，分析了城市人居环境的理论基础，并介绍了本文的研究方法。（2）本文在前人构建城市人居环境满意度评价指标体系的基础上，按照科学性、礼貌性、代表性等原则，选取5个一级指标（公共安全度、环境宜人度、生活便捷度、经济发展度、资源承载度）和21个二级指标构建了开封市城市人居环境满意度评价指标体系，对开封五个区（禹王台区、顺河回族区、金明区、龙亭区、鼓楼区）按比例发放人居环境满意度调查问卷。采用德尔菲法计算权重，并用模糊综合评价法计算各区的人居环境模糊总体评价。研究表明，根据最大隶属度的原则，开封五个辖区的人居环境满意度都处在一般满意水平。如果把很满意和比较满意百分比之和作为进一步对比的标准：可以得出，禹王台区为34.64%，顺河区为43.12%，金明区为46.80%，龙亭区为41.21%，鼓楼区为37.79%。（3）根据对城市人居环境建设水平评价指标体系构建的经验，构建城市人居环境建设水平的评价指标体系，包括五个一级指标（社会保障度、环境宜人度、生活舒适度、经济发展度和资源承载度）和28个二级指标，采用主成分分析法对郑州、开封、洛阳近十年（2002~2011年）的城市人居环境建设水平进行综合评价，研究表明：开封近十年的人居环境建设水平在不断地提高，但提高速度较慢，郑州的人居环境建设水平远远高于开封、洛阳，仅在2011年的人居环境建设水平稍低于这两个城市；洛阳的人居环境建设水平在2004年之前稍低于开封，但从2005年至2011年，洛阳的人居环境建设水平一直高于开封。通过对郑州、开封、洛阳三个城市人居环境建设水平的横向和纵向的比较，开封在经济发展、社会保障等方面比较落后，还需要进一步加强这方面的建设。（4）通过对开封五个辖区的人居环境满意度调查和开封市城市人居环境建设水平的客观分析，提出了开封城市人居环境主要在空气质量、基础设施和公共服务、软环境等方面存在较大的问题，并从自然、经济、社会人文、城市规划等方面做了原因分析，从提高经济水平、加强基础设施建设、加强环境保护、加强社会保障、节约资源等方面提出了提升开封市城市人居环境质量政策建议。最后，对本文的主要结论进行了总结，并对文章的创新点及不足之处做了探讨。
[Abstract]:City as a regional political, economic and cultural center, traffic developed, perfect infrastructure, has obvious geographical advantages, more and more farmers to the city for employment, living. Accompanied by a large number of farmers into the city, the city Chinese speed rapid development, the blind expansion of city scale and the pursuit of economic efficiency, make the city traffic, ecological environment, living space and other resources have hitherto unknown impact, the economic level at the same time, the city's living environment is threatened seriously, how to create a beautiful living environment has gradually become a hot topic of discussion. Many experts and scholars put forward along with the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development and new urbanization, construction of harmonious the living environment has become an important goal of city development.
City environment quality evaluation is an important part of the living environment of the city, through the evaluation of environmental quality in city, we can understand the status quo of human settlements development of the city, and in view of the existing problems, put forward to improve the living environment of the city. To evaluate the quality of living environment at home and abroad have made a lot of research in theory and in practice, a city living environment evaluation mostly adopt the subjective or objective single research methods, the study area is the most economically developed first-tier cities, and on the economic development of the city in general less research. Based on the economic development of the city as an example, try using the research methods of the combination of subjective and objective, i.e. the subjective questionnaire and the establishment of objective index system model are combined to make the conclusion more scientific analysis.
(1) taking Kaifeng as an example, combined with reality, the research progress of human settlements at home and abroad is summarized, and the connotation of human settlements and urban living environment is elaborated. The theoretical basis of urban human settlements is analyzed, and the research method of this paper is introduced.
(2) based on the previous basis for evaluation index system of city residential environment satisfaction, according to scientific, polite, representative principle, selection of 5 first level indicators (public safety, pleasant environment, convenient living, economic development, resource carrying capacity) and 21 level two indexes the evaluation index system of Kaifeng City residential environment satisfaction, on the city in five districts (yuwangtai District, Shunhe Hui District, Jinming District, Longting District, Gulou District) according to the proportion of payment satisfaction living environment questionnaire. Using the Delphy Fa weights are calculated to calculate the fuzzy overall evaluation of district environment and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. That, according to the principle of maximum degree of membership, Kaifeng five area of the living environment satisfaction are in general satisfaction level. If the very satisfied and satisfied percentage as a comparison standard can be: 34.64%, yuwangtai District, Shunhe District 43.12%, Jinming District 46.80%, Longting District 41.21%, Gulou District 37.79%.
(3) according to the level of the construction of city residential environment evaluation index system construction experience, the construction level of city residential environment evaluation index system, including five first level indicators (social security, pleasant environment, living comfort, economic development and resource carrying capacity) and 28 level two indexes, using principal component analysis of Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang in the past ten years (2002~2011 years) the city human settlements construction level of the comprehensive evaluation, research shows that: the opening of nearly ten years of residential environment construction level is continuously improving, but the increase speed is slow, the living environment construction level of Zhengzhou is much higher than the opening, Luoyang, the two city only in the construction of human settlements is slightly lower than the level in 2011; human settlements construction level of Luoyang before 2004 is slightly lower than it, but from 2005 to 2011, the level of human settlements construction in Luoyang has been higher than the opening. By comparing horizontal and vertical construction of human settlements in three cities of Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Luoyang, Kaifeng is relatively backward in terms of economic development and social security, and further improvement is needed.
(4) through the analysis of environment construction level of satisfaction of living environment on the opening five districts and Kaifeng city living, proposed opening city residential environment mainly in air quality, infrastructure and public services, there is a big problem in soft environment, and from the nature, economy, social culture, city planning etc. do the analysis of the causes, from the improvement of economic level, strengthen infrastructure construction, strengthen environmental protection, strengthen social security, resource conservation and other aspects of the improvement of human living environment quality of Kaifeng city policy recommendations.
Finally, the main conclusions of this article are summarized, and the innovative points and shortcomings of the article are discussed.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X821;C912.81

【参考文献】