新世纪越南政治体制改革研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 18:35

  本文关键词： 21世纪 越南 政治体制 改革　出处：《聊城大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1986年开始的革新开放,正式开启了越南政治体制改革的步伐。三十年来,越南顶住了来自国内国外各方面的压力,坚持了社会主义道路,并将政治革新引向深化。特别是进入21世纪,推动改革的动力和压力不断积聚,在政治方面,改革派和保守派取得了一定共识,以农德孟为代表的年轻技术官员取得了党政主导权;在经济方面,市场经济的发展促进了社会的进步,提高了中产阶级的政治诉求,同时高度集中的政治体制对市场经济的束缚越来越明显;在社会方面,社会分化持续发展,腐败势头继续蔓延,特别是民族问题也在一定条件下开始激化,旧有的政治体制越来越难以适应社会的发展;在国际环境方面,随着越南融入世界市场,以自由贸易为主要特征的国际经济规则对越南的政治经济体制提出了更多的挑战,美国等西方国家进行“和平演变”的图谋依然继续,越南面临的国际环境喜忧参半,同时,周边国家政治制度的变化为越南提供了更多的借鉴和参考。面对这些新情况,越南共产党以惊人的魄力,加快了政治体制改革的步伐。在党的领导体制方面,不断强化集体领导,推行以直接选举和差额竞争为主要特征的党内民主;在国会改革方面,进一步扩大差额比例,并强化了国会对行政权力的制约;在行政改革方面,进一步压缩政府机构,减少行政权力对经济和社会的干预;在司法改革方面,尽可能保证司法独立审判,并适当减轻刑罚;在社会改革方面,放松新闻管制,推行基层民主。经过10多年的奋斗和努力,越南的经济继续保持了充分的活力,社会主义民主政治建设也取得了很大突破,特别是人民群众对政治的参与度越来越高,人民当家作主的权力得到了有效保障。越南的改革是对完善社会主义制度的有益尝试,它表明,在后发现代化国家,通过政治制度的巧妙设计,建立复杂的监督和制衡机制,不断扩大人民群众的政治参与,可以在保持一党长期执政的前提下,推行社会主义民主制度,有效保障人民群众的基本权利。此外,它也表明在社会主义国家进行政治体制改革,必须要保持政治与经济的协调推进,妥善处理好改革、发展、稳定的关系,要以党内民主带动政治民主,以落实代议制作为改革的重要突破口,这对世界其他社会主义国家的政治发展具有很好的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The reform and opening up began in 1986, the official opening of the Vietnamese political reform. In thirty years, Vietnam has withstood the pressure from various aspects at home and abroad, adhere to the socialist road, and will deepen political reform. Especially in twenty-first Century, to promote the reform of the dynamic force and pressure continue to accumulate in the political aspect, the reformers and conservatives achieved some consensus, young technocrats represented by Nondman made the Party leadership; in the economy, the development of market economy and promoting social progress, improve the political aspirations of the middle class, and the highly centralized political system is bound to the market economy more obvious; in terms of society, society the differentiation of sustainable development, corruption momentum continues to spread, especially ethnic problems also emerged under certain conditions, the old political system is more and more difficult to adapt to social development; in The international environment, with Vietnam into the world market, presents more challenges to Vietnam's political and economic system of international economic rules of free trade as the main feature of the United States and other western countries "peaceful evolution" to continue, international environment facing Vietnam mixed, at the same time, changes in the political system of neighboring countries to provide more reference for Vietnam. Facing the new situation, the Communist Party of Vietnam with amazing courage, speed up the pace of political reform in the leadership system of the party, strengthen the collective leadership, Democratic Party to direct election and the difference of competition as the main feature; in parliamentary reform, to further expand the ratio of the difference and strengthen the Congress to restrict the administrative power; in administrative reforms, further reduce government agencies, reduce administrative intervention to economy and society; In judicial reform, as far as possible to ensure the judicial independence of the judiciary, and appropriate to reduce the penalty; in social reform, relax regulation and implementation of democracy at the grassroots level. After 10 years of struggle and hard work, Vietnam's economy continues to maintain a full of vitality, the construction of socialist democratic politics has made great breakthrough, especially the people in politics the participation of more and more high, the power of people in power have been effectively protected. Vietnam is a useful attempt to reform and improve the socialist system, it is shown that in the modern state, through the ingenious design of the political system, the establishment of the complex mechanism of supervision and balance, expanding the people's political participation, which can maintain under the premise of a long-term ruling party, the implementation of the socialist democratic system, effectively protect the basic rights of the people. In addition, it also shows that the socialist countries in the administrative agency in 娌讳綋鍒舵敼闈，

本文编号：1543872