弗洛姆人性异化理论及其现实启示

发布时间：2018-03-04 00:32

本文选题：弗洛姆　切入点：人性异化理论　出处：《南方医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：埃利希·弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)是美籍德裔杰出的人本主义精神分析学家、社会学家和哲学家,是西方马克思主义流派中的典型的弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,还是法兰克福学派中的骨干之一等。他一生致力于探索人在社会中的生存规律,人性异化理论即是他的核心理论。近年来,随着我国科技的进步和经济的发展,人们沉浸在快节奏的生活中,虽然生活物质丰裕却缺乏对生活意义的思考,甚至对自身的本质和重要性也缺乏准确的认知。为了给人们更好地思考人的问题提供理论依据和启示,促进人们对生活意义以及自身价值的反思,本文以弗洛姆人性异化理论为逻辑起点,展开探讨该理论的理论渊源和理论内容,重点探析该理论合理性和意义、理论困境及其对现实的启示。首先,探析弗洛姆人性异化理论产生的渊源。弗洛姆以人的生存状态作为理论研究的切入点,一方面是源于其独特的家庭环境和动荡不安的时代背景的影响,另一方面是受到犹太教的救世思想、弗洛伊德的精神分析学说以及马克思关于劳动异化的理论的启示。其次,爬梳弗洛姆庞杂的人性异化理论框架。弗洛姆认为人是在历史中生成的、具有自我意识的、现实中的社会存在物,人性就是人生存所固有的矛盾。异化自古就有、无处不在,覆盖了生产领域、消费领域、人际关系领域以及无意识领域等,要实现健全的人格和社会就必须进行全面的改革,包括政治、经济、文化等方面。然后,评析弗洛姆人性异化理论的合理性和意义、理论困境。弗洛姆探索人性异化理论所采用的科学的方法论——理论联系实际和总体性原则——使其理论具有较强的时代性和现实性,有助于我们正确认识我国当前的异化现象。但同时,由于历史的局限性,弗洛姆本人对马克思思想的解读存在片面性。他将马克思主义哲学看成纯粹的理论抗议,不仅认为马克思的异化论具有总体性,还将异化当成马克思主义哲学的中心概念。此外,弗洛姆因为否定够暴力革命、放弃无产阶级专政、忽视生产资料公有制而使其救赎方案具有空想性。最后,挖掘弗洛姆人性异化理论的现实启示。一方面,弗洛姆的人性异化理论启示我们务必要坚守社会主义的性质,亦即坚持无产阶级专政和公有制的主体地位。另一方面要坚持构建社会主义和谐社会,亦即加强社会信仰体系构建,防止人性异化;深化以人为本的科学发展观,走可持续发展道路。
[Abstract]:Erich Frommn (1900-1980) is an outstanding German-American humanist psychoanalyst, sociologist and philosopher, a typical Freudian Marxist of Western Marxist schools. He is also one of the backbone of the Frankfurt School. He devoted his whole life to exploring the laws of man's existence in society. The theory of alienation of human nature is his core theory. In recent years, with the progress of science and technology and the development of economy in China, People are immersed in a fast-paced life, and although they are rich in life, they lack the thinking about the meaning of life. Even the essence and importance of their own lack of accurate cognition. In order to give people better thinking about human problems and provide theoretical basis and inspiration, promote people to reflect on the meaning of life and their own value, Taking Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature as the logical starting point, this paper discusses the theoretical origin and content of the theory, focuses on the rationality and significance of the theory, the theoretical dilemma and its enlightenment to reality. This paper explores the origin of Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature. Fromm takes the condition of human existence as the starting point of theoretical research, on the one hand, it is the influence of his unique family environment and the background of the turbulent times. On the other hand, it is inspired by the salvation thought of Judaism, the psychoanalysis theory of Freud and Marx's theory of labor alienation. Fromm believes that human beings are born in history, self-conscious, social beings in reality, human nature is the inherent contradiction of human existence. Alienation has existed since ancient times, everywhere, It covers production, consumption, relationships, unconscious, and so on. To achieve sound personality and society, we have to carry out comprehensive reforms, including political, economic, cultural, etc. Then, This paper analyzes the rationality and significance of Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature and its theoretical dilemma. The scientific methodology used by Fromm to explore the theory of alienation of human nature, which combines theory with practice and the principle of totality, makes his theory have a strong epoch and reality. But at the same time, due to the limitation of history, Fromm himself has a one-sided interpretation of Marx's thought. He regards Marxist philosophy as a pure theoretical protest. He not only thinks that Marx's theory of alienation is general, but also regards alienation as the central concept of Marxist philosophy. In addition, Fromm gave up the dictatorship of the proletariat because he denied the violent revolution. Neglecting the public ownership of the means of production and making its redemption scheme have a utopian nature. Finally, the realistic enlightenment of excavating Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature. On the one hand, Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature enlightens us to adhere to the nature of socialism. On the other hand, we must adhere to the construction of a harmonious socialist society, that is, to strengthen the construction of the social belief system, to prevent the alienation of human nature, to deepen the concept of scientific development based on people, and to maintain the dominant position of the proletarian dictatorship and public ownership. Take the road of sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：南方医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B712.59

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