松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量时空变化特征分析

发布时间：2018-03-04 11:16

本文选题：水环境质量　切入点：灰色关联度　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是一个水资源短缺的国家，近年来，随着我国经济的巨大发展，水污染形势日趋严峻。作为周边地区政治、经济、文化的交流中心，城市具有人口稠密，产业集中等特点，因此，城市水环境承载的人口和经济负荷大，水污染形势尤为突出。所以，深入、系统的研究城市水环境质量定量评价及生态调控问题，是促进科学合理地使用水资源、恢复城市的健康水环境的重要手段。本文以松花江哈尔滨段为例，构建城市水环境质量评价指标体系，确定城市水环境质量的影响因素，，进一步建立城市水环境质量评价计算模型，定量地核算水环境质量，依据水环境质量时空变化特征，提出具有针对性的调控对策。研究结果表明：使用灰色关联度法分析松花江哈尔滨段区域间的关联情况，将松花江哈尔滨段分为四个部分：轻污染区域（朱顺屯）、中污染区域（阿什河口内下、呼兰河口内、大顶子山）、高污染区域（呼兰河口内）、重污染区域（阿什河口内）；对各污染区域评价指标的筛选与优选，得到松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量评价指标体系；使用灰色关联分析法与模糊综合评价法作为评价方法，对各区域指标年平均监测值进行分析，将两种方法评价结果进行对比，发现使用主成分分析法赋权的模糊综合评价法更符合哈尔滨市环境质量公报中松花江哈尔滨段各区域关于水环境质量的内容，选择此种方法构建城市水环境质量评价计算模型；使用所得模型对水环境质量评价指标体系验证，优选后指标体系所得结果与实际状况相差较小（10%），本文所确定的评价指标体系能够反映松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量状况。将城市水环境质量评价计算模型应用于松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量评价中，得到2008-2012年枯水期、平水期与丰水期松花江哈尔滨段水质类别；分析水环境质量时空变化特征，得到水环境质量类别变化状况如下：轻污染区域中污染区域高污染区域重污染区域，平水期≈丰水期枯水期。并确定了主要污染物为：DO、CODCr、BOD5、NH4+-N、TN、org。对主要污染物进行时空变化特征分析可知，阿什河水质污染状况呈逐年减轻的趋势，但阿什河仍需进一步治理；根据分析水质类别与主要污染物的时空变化特征所得到的问题，从污染物、区域、管理三个方面提出了相应的调控对策。本研究对松花江哈尔滨段水环境可持续发展具有重要的指导作用，研究结果将有利于促进水资源的科学管理和有效利用，实现城市水的良性循环。
[Abstract]:China is a national shortage of water resources, in recent years, with the great development of China's economy, water pollution situation is becoming increasingly severe. As the surrounding areas of political, economic, and cultural exchange center, the city is densely populated, characteristics, industry concentration etc. Therefore, city water environmental carrying capacity of population and economic load, water the pollution situation is particularly prominent. Therefore, further, the quantitative evaluation of the environmental quality of city water and ecological control system, is to promote the use of water resources scientifically and reasonably, an important means of healthy water environment restoration in the city.
In this paper, the Harbin section of Songhua River as an example, construct the evaluation index system of city water environment quality, determine the factors influencing the quality of city water environment, further establish the city water environment quality evaluation model of water environmental quality, quantitative calculation, according to the water quality of the environment of spatial and temporal variation characteristics, put forward some countermeasures of the results:
The use of gray correlation analysis method of correlation degree between the Harbin section of the Songhua River area, the Harbin section of Songhua River is divided into four parts: light pollution areas (Zhu Shuntun), in the polluted area (Ashe estuary, Hulan estuary, Dadingzi Mountain Area (Hulan), high pollution, heavy pollution in the estuary area (Ashe) estuary); screening and optimization of the regional pollution index evaluation, get the Harbin section of the Songhua River water quality evaluation index system; grey correlation analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method as the evaluation method of the regional index average annual monitoring value is analyzed, the evaluation results of the two methods were compared, found that fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of weighting using principal component is more in line with the Songhua River in Harbin city environmental quality communique of Harbin section of the regional water environment on the quality of the content, the selection method of constructing city water The calculation model of environmental quality assessment; to verify the evaluation index system of water quality using the model, the optimized index system of the results and the actual situation are small (10%), the evaluation index system of water environment quality condition can reflect the shape of Harbin section of Songhua River.
The city water environment quality evaluation model was applied to the assessment of water environmental quality in Harbin section of Songhua River in 2008-2012 years, the dry season, water quality water period and high water period in Harbin section of Songhua River; water quality analysis of spatial and temporal variation characteristics, change of water quality categories are as follows: heavy regional pollution area high pollution area light the contaminated area, water is wet period and dry period. The main pollutants are: DO, CODCr, BOD5, NH4+-N, TN, org. on the main pollutants are temporal and spatial variation analysis, quality pollution of Ashe River showed trend of decrease year by year, but the Ashe River still need further treatment; according to the analysis of water quality the main pollutant categories and characteristics of temporal and spatial variation obtained, from pollutants, region, put forward some countermeasures from three aspects of management.
This research will play an important role in guiding the sustainable development of water environment in the Harbin section of Songhua River. The research results will help to promote the scientific management and effective utilization of water resources and achieve the virtuous circle of urban water.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X522;X824

【参考文献】