从《字林西报》看近现代中国运动员媒体形象变迁

发布时间：2018-03-08 11:26

  本文选题：《字林西报》　切入点：运动会　出处：《成都体育学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无论是旧上海还是新时期的大上海,其在政治、经济、文化上的光芒瞩目程度都是首屈一指的。即便是旧中国的上海,发展也最快速,作为近现代中国西学东渐时期开放最早的商埠,以上海为据点发行刊印的报纸也是近现代中国发展和接纳西方思想最真实最前沿的写照,在其社会、文化、生活、政治等各个领域中,无疑起着某种开创和引领作用。《字林西报》就是诞生于这一时期,《字林西报》1850年创刊于上海,更名前是《北华捷报》,截止1951年3月,《字林西报》停刊,前后历经101年。在101年的历史长廊中,《字林西报》是广大华夏土地上的人民历经数百年的痛苦、屈辱和挣扎的见证者,它目睹了无数华夏人民数百年的抗争和奋起反击。100年的沧桑岁月里,在西学东渐的历史过程中,西方文化的标志性符号:新式体育逐渐渗透到中华文明的躯体里成为了中国现代化进程的重要组成部分,也于此时深深嵌入到中国人的记忆当中。如果你翻看一页页历史的卷宗,俯瞰中国历史的长河会发现《字林西报》是某一标志性时期的亲历者,它记录了西方新式体育被国人认识、发现、接纳到传播和学习的整个过程。翻看发黄的《字林西报》报卷,一页页体育新闻报道,记录了当时中国体育新闻传播的图景,中国体育运动员参加各种赛事的场景仍然历历在目:一望无际的黄浦江边,一个个身强体壮激情四射的青年们在才加赛马比赛;上海租界区新式学堂内,莘莘学子们在整齐规范的操练西式体操;田径、足球、跳远等现代竞技比赛运动把中国最早的运动员们灵活矫健的身姿刻写的真真切切,一切都宛如昨日。细细翻看报纸,这发黄的报刊中记录了从1850年创刊到1951年停刊,近现代中国体育新闻传播的每个阶段和时期,也清晰的看到了历史的脚步如何一步步走进近现代的大上海。再将其与同时期的《申报》、《大公报》等作比较后发现《字林西报》与《申报》报道内容的发展几乎同步,与《字林西报》新闻事业的发展基本同步,与近现代中国体育事业传播的发展基本同步,可以划分为四个阶段:起步期、过渡期、平稳期和动荡期。100年里,《字林西报》关于运动员的体育报道发生了翻天覆地的变化,在其非常显著的变化过程中最明显的就是报道内容不断走向完美,对于运动员的塑造更加全面和形象,不断接近于现代体育报道。每一个时期和阶段的体育报道都值得仔细研究,比如同样是关于运动的报道,但每个时期对于运动员报道的内容却大相径庭:“起步时期对于运动员的描写和报道单一,近乎平铺直叙,而到了过渡期,非常显著的特点事报道内容枯燥和沉闷,平稳期关于运动员的体育报道逐步发展的内容丰富、报道类型多样,随着时间推移,伴随着动荡期社会的不稳定和战乱频繁,有关运动员的报道杂乱、一笔带过或者多变。(引用肖鸿波《申报》77年体育报道研究)。所有这些特点并非个人因研究需要所贴上的标签,每个时期的内容和形式早有前人进行研究分析,如肖鸿波《申报77年体育报道研究》中就非常详尽的对该时期的特点进行分类和总结,加之《申报》与《字林西报》在记录历史轨迹方面的一致性,所以本文也得出这些结论。《字林西报》初办时期,体育赛事就有专门的版面“sports”,虽然每周都有关于不同赛事的报道,但是真正能反映近现代中国时期西学东渐影响新式体育在中国逐步发展起来的则当属每隔几年的大型运动会。《字林西报》大型运动会的报道特征有起步期、过渡期、平稳期和动荡期四个阶段的流变,这种报道特征恰如其分的刻画出不同时期运动员媒体形象变化的过程:世界运动会让中国运动员选手与国外选手站在同一起跑线下,远东运动会让中国运动员选手有了最实际的对比和竞争者,自1930年之后全国运动会对于运动员的报道逐步占据“sports”版面中越来越多的位置。每一种大型运动会对于运动员的报道都各有千秋,对中国体育报道的发展带来了较深的影响,即便在当代,在体育新闻报道中对于运动员的报道仍然能看到当年大型运动会报道的影子。100年《字林西报》关于运动员的报道,无论在形式方面还是内容架构上,这些报道都发生了重大的变化,可圈可点的地方比比皆是。政治变化、社会动荡与太平、经济的发展都影响到《字林西报》关于运动员报道的变化,另外除去这几点原因,体育事业的发展和新闻传播的逐渐形成也影响了运动员报道内容的变迁。通过剖析影响运动员形象的新闻内容与形式变化的因素,运动员媒体形象变迁的趋势和发展方向可以非常明显的呈现出来,解释和理解近现代中国运动员媒体形象变迁无疑可以曲径通幽找到这把特殊的“钥匙”。就其于历史学研究的意义来说,《字林西报》中关于运动员的体育新闻报道可以概括近现代中国运动员媒体形象变迁,可以管窥近现代中国体育事业的发展变迁,可以探析近现代社会历史的发展方向;就其现实意义来说,《字林西报》是近代中国影响面积非常大受众群体非常广的一份报纸,研究其关于运动员的体育新闻报道,对于当今各大报业学习其办报的经营策略和思考其办报理念和报道业务,对于当今的新闻报道都有很重要的价值。比如其办报标榜“局外中立”,但提出“公正而非中立”等等。《字林西报》100年体育新闻报道有两大重要功劳:其一凸显了体育新闻报道的专业性,赋予了体育新闻报道独立的报道特征,并以此区别于其他的新闻报道门类。其二作为中华民族解放和独立宣传的一部分,它为中华民族这个共同体提供了很好的想象方式,成为宣传民族解放和独立的工具与载体之一。一言以蔽之,《字林西报》体育新闻报道是中国现代化进程的结果,《字林西报》关于运动员媒体形象的塑造也是中国现代化进程的重要原因。本研究主要运用文献综述法、内容分析法、逻辑分析与归纳法,以1911一1941年这三十年间《字林西报》报刊中所报道的300篇关于运动员的新闻报道为样本,从运动员现实形象和媒体重构运动员形象两大方面对运动员报道内容进行编码分析和定量描述,初步展示了近现代中国不同历史阶段中我国运动员媒体形象的特征及其变迁并呈现为四个时期:起步期、过渡期、平稳期、动荡期分别构成不同的运动员媒体形象。在此基础上.本文探讨了近现代中国运动员媒体形象变迁与我国近现代社会变迁之间的某些联系。对《字林西报》历届大型运动会关于运动员的报道内容进行归纳整理,探寻其在报道内容报道方式上面的脉络,探讨对于运动员的报道宗旨和报道策略变迁,总结报道规模和报道风格的演变,进而深入挖掘其对于运动员形象塑造的风格特征。
[Abstract]:Whether the old Shanghai is the new period of the great Shanghai in politics, economy, culture and the light on the degree of attention is second to none. Even the old Chinese Shanghai development is most rapid, as a modern Chinese period of westernization and opening the first commercial port in Shanghai, according to the issuing printed newspapers are modern Chinese development and acceptance of Western thought in the forefront of the most real portrayal of life in the social, cultural, political and other fields, and will undoubtedly play a leading role and create some. North China Daily News "is born in this period, the North China Daily News >1850 years in Shanghai, before the North Walsall renamed" daily, as of March 1951, North China Daily News Publication < >, after 101 years. In the 101 years of history, "North China Daily News" is the majority of the people on the land of China after hundreds of years of pain, humiliation and struggle of the witness, it witnessed countless Chinese The people's struggle for hundreds of years and fought back.100 years of vicissitudes, in the history of Western learning, western culture symbol: the new style sports gradually penetrated into the body of the Chinese civilization has become an important part of Chinese modernization, meanwhile, deeply embedded into the Chinese memory. If you look at the pages of history files, overlooking the river China history will find the "North China Daily News" is a landmark in the witness, it records the western modern sports by Chinese people, found that admitted to the entire process of communication and learning. Look at the yellow "North China Daily News Report > volume, page sports news page, recorded at the time Chinese sports news picture, Chinese sports athletes to participate in various events of the scene is still visible before the eyes stretch of the Huangpu River, a strong and passionate The young horse race in Shanghai; Concession District new schools, students in order to practice Western gymnastics; athletics, football, long jump and other modern athletic competition movement to Chinese the earliest athletes flexible vigorous figure. True, everything is just like yesterday. Carefully read newspapers, this yellow the press recorded from 1850 to 1951 was discontinued, modern China Sports Journalism at every stage and period, also clearly see the footsteps of history to step into the modern Shanghai. And the same period > > < < declaration, such as Ta Kung Pao is found "almost synchronous development North China Daily News > and < > declaration content, basically synchronized with the development of" North China Daily News > journalism, basically synchronized with the development of modern China sports communication, can be divided into four stages: the initial stage, too The transition period, stable period and turbulent period of.100 years, the changes in turn the world upside down "North China Daily News reported on the athletes' Sports >, the changes are very significant in the process of the most obvious is the report content to perfect constantly, for athletes, shaping a more comprehensive and continuous image, close to the modern sports report every. A period and phase of the sports reports are worth careful study, such as report on sports, but the content for each period can be quite different athletes reported:" the start period for the athlete's description and reported a single, almost flat, and to the transition period, a very significant characteristic that the report content boring and dull, gradual development stable period sports coverage of athletes is rich in content and diverse types of reports, with the passage of time, accompanied by a turbulent period of social instability and frequent wars, the transport The mobilization of the report messy, with a pen or changeable. (reference Xiao Hongbo "declare on sports news >77). All of these features is not required because of personal label, content and form of each period had the previous research and analysis, such as the Xiao Hongbo declaration of sports report < > 77 years is very the detailed characteristics of this period are classified and summarized, and the consistency of the < declaration" and "the North China Daily News" in the aspects of the historical track record, so this paper also draws these conclusions. North China Daily News > office early period, sporting events have a special layout of "Sports", although every week on different events the report, but the report reflects the characteristics of the West influence of modern sports in the new period Chinese China gradually developed was every few years of large-scale games. North China Daily News > games with step 鏈，

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