后京都时代中国面临的减排问题及其应对

发布时间：2018-03-09 18:48

本文选题：中国　切入点：气候谈判　出处：《北京外国语大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今世界,气候变化已经成为人类所面临的共同问题,它具有跨国性、影响程度深、影响范围广的特点。气候问题涉及到各个国家的政治、经济、社会等各方面的利益,关系到我们共同家园的安危,因此,共同应对全球气候变化带来的不利影响,拯救我们赖以生存的家园,就成了国际社会的共识。 1979年第一届世界气候大会召开,国际社会开始关注全球气候问题,并在以后的会议中先后达成了《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》等里程碑式的国际协议,这些协议为后续气候会议奠定了基础原则。2005年《京都议定书》正式生效,国际社会步入了后京都时代。一方面,由于《京都议定书》中只规定了发达国家的减排任务,并没有为发展中国家制定减排目标,这就引起了以美国为首的发达国家的强烈不满。另一方面,近些年中国经济发展迅速,实力不断增长。但是由于国内的能源利用率低下,能源结构不合理,造成温室气体排放量的不断增长。中国逐渐超过美国成为第一大温室气体排放国。在这种情况下,国际社会要求中国承担减排义务的呼声也在不断增强。正是基于这样的背景,本文分析了后京都时代中国面临的减排问题以及中国的应对。主要分为引言、正文、结语三个部分。第一章主要讨论了不同阶段的减排问题,包括减排问题的提出阶段、《京都议定书》为代表的阶段,以及包括后京都时代涉及到减排问题。第二章,主要讨论中国面临的减排问题。首先,责任与减排比例问题,谁应该为气候变化承担责任,以及承担的比例是多少；其次,中国面临的减排压力；再次,中国面临的合作困境。第三章主要分析了后京都时代面对减排问题中国的对策。主要有坚持维护,推动谈判；加深观念,建立机制；加深拓宽双边多边合作等。第四章为结论部分,认为中国应该抓住机遇,维护好发展空间的同时制定减排目标,承担国际责任。
[Abstract]:In today's world, climate change has become a common problem facing mankind. It has the characteristics of transnational, deep impact and wide range of influence. The climate problem involves the political, economic, social and other interests of various countries. Therefore, it is the consensus of the international community to jointly deal with the adverse effects of global climate change and save the homes on which we live. In 1979, when the first World Climate Conference was held, the international community began to pay close attention to the global climate problem, and in the subsequent meetings, they successively reached landmark international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. These agreements laid the foundation for the follow-up climate conference. In 2005, the Kyoto Protocol entered into force, and the international community entered into the post-Kyoto era. On the one hand, because the Kyoto Protocol only stipulates the emission reduction tasks of developed countries and does not set emission reduction targets for developing countries, this has aroused strong dissatisfaction among the developed countries led by the United States. On the other hand, In recent years, China's economy has developed rapidly and its strength has been growing. However, due to the low domestic energy efficiency, the energy structure is unreasonable. China is gradually overtaking the United States as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases. International calls for China's commitment to reduce emissions are also growing. Based on this background, this paper analyzes the emission reduction problems faced by China in the post-Kyoto era and China's response. It is mainly divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The first chapter mainly discusses the emission reduction in different stages, including the proposed stage of emission reduction, the stage represented by the Kyoto Protocol, and the post-Kyoto era, which involves the issue of emission reduction. The second chapter mainly discusses the issue of emission reduction in China. First, the problem of responsibility and emission reduction ratio, who should be responsible for climate change, and how much; secondly, China is faced with the pressure to reduce emissions; again, The difficulties China faces in cooperation. The third chapter mainly analyzes the countermeasures of China facing the problem of emission reduction in the post-Kyoto era, which mainly includes insisting on maintenance, promoting negotiation, deepening the concept, establishing mechanism, deepening bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and so on. Chapter 4th is the conclusion that China should seize the opportunity, maintain the space for development and set emission reduction targets and undertake international responsibilities.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

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