变局中的博弈：晚清云南七府矿权事件中的多元关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 14:53

本文选题：七府矿权　切入点：中央政府　出处：《云南民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：七府矿权事件是晚清大变局下爆发于云南的一次参与范围广、持续时间长的收回利权运动。近代西方列强的入侵使中国陷入极端严重的边疆危机,位于西南边疆的云南,于19世纪末沦为英、法列强的势力范围。1900年4月,法驻滇领事方苏雅以西南民众仇教、反洋风潮日益高涨亟需“自卫”为由,强运武器入滇,引发“昆明教案”。此次教案实际上是法国侵略引发中法矛盾升级而催生的突发事件,但却正好成为英、法进一步攫取在滇利益的借口。他们以教堂损失为由,向清政府提出赔偿要求。最后,清政府被迫以赔款白银12万两及批准《云南矿务章程》生效为代价议结教案。至此,以七府矿权为代表的滇省全境矿权落入英、法之手。矿产权益的丧失使云南地方政治、经济遭受巨大损失,滇省各界各族人民因之掀起了反对英法掠夺七府矿权的激烈斗争。以周云祥起义为代表的滇省民众最先举起义旗,提出“抗官仇洋”、“阻洋占产”的口号,大大推动了后续斗争的开展。其后,滇籍留日学生群体成为斗争主力,前后三次掀起争回七府矿权运动。他们首先将斗争矛头指向滇省大吏,引发“驱丁事件”,迫使清政府将丁振铎等人撤职查办。进而,留日学生不断提出“废约自办”,收回矿权。在此过程中,滇省士绅因自身利益需求积极响应学生群体的号召,通过合法、理性的方式参与斗争,迫使清政府作出妥协。在各界共同施压下,一直将与列强交涉视为畏途的清政府不得不硬着头皮同法国作出适度的抵抗,最终以赔款为代价赎回七府矿权,结束了长达十年之久的七府矿争。在七府矿权事件发展过程中,英、法侵略者、清政府、云南地方政府、滇省士绅及以滇籍留日学生为中心的滇省民众,围绕七府矿约的存废和矿权的归属问题展开了复杂的博弈。清政府在内忧外患的双重压力下,极力想在内外关系中寻求一个最佳平衡点,达到既能缓和国内矛盾,稳固统治,又不开罪外人的目的,但在其决策与应对中,仍以对外妥协为主。以云贵总督为核心的云南地方政府则试图以行动摆脱侵略势力过多的干涉与胁迫,但限于阶级属性,其措施是在中央政策范围内做出的适当应对,并未脱离中央政府的政策轨迹。自身利益遭到极大触及的滇省士绅则在争回矿权的斗争中表现得较为积极,但与学生群体和下层民众相比,云南士绅阶层的反抗多在统治阶层可接受范围内进行,表现形式亦较为平和。滇籍留日学生作为矿争的中坚力量,通过报刊、杂志、文章等大力宣传反帝反封建的民主主义思想,极大地影响了七府矿权争端的解决方向乃至云南地方近代历史的发展走向。
[Abstract]:The Qifu mining rights incident was a long time long recovery movement in Yunnan under the great changes of the late Qing Dynasty. The invasion of modern western powers led China into an extremely serious border crisis, which was located in Yunnan, the southwestern frontier. At the end of the 19th century, it became the sphere of influence of the British and French powers. In April 1900, Fang Suya, the French consul in Yunnan, forced the movement of weapons into Yunnan on the grounds that the southwestern people were hostile to religion, and that the anti-foreign tide was increasingly in need of "self-defense". The "Kunming case" was triggered by the French invasion, which was actually a sudden incident caused by the escalation of Sino-French contradictions, but it just became an excuse for Britain and France to further seize the interests in Yunnan. They cited the loss of the church as an excuse. Finally, the Qing government was forced to settle the case at the cost of granting compensation to Bai Yin 120000 and approving the entry into force of the Yunnan Mining regulations. At this point, the mining rights of the whole territory of Yunnan Province, represented by the seven provinces' mineral rights, fell into Britain. The loss of mineral rights and interests caused great losses to Yunnan's local politics and economy. As a result, people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan Province set off a fierce struggle against Britain and France to plunder the mining rights of the seven provinces. The people of Yunnan Province, represented by Zhou Yunxiang's uprising, first raised the banner of righteousness and put forward the slogan of "resisting officials against the enemy of the sea" and "preventing foreign countries from taking possession of foreign products." After that, the group of students of Yunnan nationality studying in Japan became the main force of the struggle, and three times they set off a campaign to win back the seven provinces' mining rights. First, they pointed the struggle at the big officials of Yunnan Province. In the process, the gentry of Yunnan Province responded positively to the call of the student group because of their own interest in the process, which forced the Qing government to remove Ding Zhendor and others from his post and investigate them. Then, students studying in Japan repeatedly proposed to "cancel the contract and run it by themselves" and take back the mining rights. In the process, the gentry of Yunnan Province responded positively to the call of the student group for their own interests. By taking part in the struggle in a lawful and rational manner, the Qing government forced the Qing government to make compromises. Under the pressure of all circles, the Qing government, which had been treating negotiations with the great powers as a cringe, had to make moderate resistance against France. Eventually redemption of the seven provinces' mineral rights at the expense of compensation ended the ten years' struggle for the seven provinces. During the development of the Qifu mining rights incident, the British, French invaders, the Qing government, and the local governments of Yunnan, The gentry of Yunnan Province and the people of Yunnan Province, centered on the students of Yunnan nationality studying in Japan, started a complex game around the retention and abolition of Qifu Mining Treaty and the ownership of the mining rights. Under the pressure of internal and external troubles, the Qing government had a complex game. Trying to find the best balance in the internal and external relations, to achieve the purpose of easing domestic contradictions, stabilizing the rule, and not offending outsiders, but in its decision-making and response, The local government in Yunnan, with the Governor Yungui as the core, tried to get rid of the excessive interference and coercion of the aggressive forces, but only because of its class identity. Its measures were an appropriate response within the scope of the central government's policy. The gentry of Yunnan Province, whose own interests were greatly touched, were more active in the struggle for mineral rights, but compared with the students and the lower class, The resistance of the gentry in Yunnan was mostly carried out within the acceptable range of the ruling class, and its manifestation was relatively placid. As the backbone of the struggle for mining, Yunnan students studying in Japan used newspapers and magazines as the backbone of the struggle. The article vigorously propagandizes the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic thought, which has greatly influenced the settlement direction of the mine right dispute of Qifu and even the development trend of Yunnan's local modern history.
【学位授予单位】：云南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K252

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