影响清末民国时期高中物理课程因素的研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 08:32

本文选题：清末民国时期　切入点：高中　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：清末民国时期是世界自然科学飞速发展的时期,也是我国物理课程初现雏形的时期。为了缓和国内的阶级矛盾,发展经济,1902年清政府颁布了《奏定学堂章程》,废除了科举制度,在章程中出现了对于物理课程内容以及教学方法的规定,这标志着我国物理课程正式纳入国家课程体系中,与化学、生物等自然科学学科有了明确的划分。这个时期的课程设置基本照搬了日本的学制,所以物理课程内容更是沿袭了日本的课程标准,与之对应的物理教材也以日本人编写的为主。民国成立后,为了科技兴国,发展资本主义经济,民国政府对课程进行了一系列的改革,建立了以“六三三学制”为核心的“壬戌学制”,这一时期的课程标准详细地规定了物理教学目标、教学内容、课时安排、实验要求和考核标准,重视学生的能力培养,而教科书的编写大都能满足学生的认知要求,按照力、热、光、电、磁、近代物理进行分章编写,特别注意与世界物理学的发展相联系。清末民国时期的物理课程改革借鉴了国外的经验并结合当时国内的实际情况,虽然在改革中出现了一些问题,但是仍然为我国的科技发展培养了人才,做出了贡献。目前对于建国以后的物理课程标准的研究较多,但是对于清末民国时期的物理课程标准和教科书的研究很少,特别是对其影响因素的研究更少。本文通过对清末民国时期物理课程内容分析,阐述清末民国时期的社会因素、学科发展,从不同的角度对当时的社会和学科背景进行必要的考察与审视,进而研究高中物理课程内容特点,分析影响高中物理课程内容的因素。最后对高中物理课程内容及其影响因素进行综合对比研究,并在此基础上寻求对物理课程标准编写的启示。本文系统地分析了清末民国时期的物理课程标准和其影响因素,阐述清末民国时期物理教育受到政治、经济、文化思潮、物理学科发展发展等因素的影响和制约,论文总结了清末民国时期物理教育政策对当今的高中物理教育的启示与借鉴,为高中物理课程标准的制定和实施提供参考。
[Abstract]:The period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was the period of the rapid development of natural science in the world and the embryonic stage of the physics curriculum in our country. In order to ease the domestic class contradictions and develop the economy, the Qing government promulgated the Constitution of the School of Learning in 1902 and abolished the imperial examination system. In the constitution, there are regulations on the content of physics curriculum and teaching methods, which indicates that the physics curriculum of our country is formally incorporated into the national curriculum system, and chemistry, There is a clear division of natural sciences such as biology. In this period, the curriculum basically copied the Japanese academic system, so the physics curriculum followed the Japanese curriculum standard. After the founding of the Republic of China, in order to rejuvenate the country through science and technology and develop the capitalist economy, the government of the Republic of China carried out a series of curriculum reforms. The course standard of this period sets up the physics teaching goal, the teaching content, the class time arrangement, the experiment request and the examination standard in detail, and attaches importance to the cultivation of the students' ability. And most of the textbooks can meet the students' cognitive requirements. They are compiled in chapters according to force, heat, light, electricity, magnetism, and modern physics. Particular attention has been paid to the development of physics in the world. The physics curriculum reform during the late Qing and the Republic of China drew on the experience of foreign countries and combined with the actual situation in the country at that time, although there were some problems in the reform. However, it has contributed to the development of science and technology in our country. At present, there are more researches on the curriculum standards of physics after the founding of the people's Republic of China, but few studies on the standards and textbooks of physics in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Especially, the research on the influencing factors is even less. Through the analysis of the physics curriculum content in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, this paper expounds the social factors and the discipline development in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period. From different angles, the necessary investigation and examination of the social and disciplinary background at that time are carried out, and the characteristics of the physics curriculum content in senior high school are studied. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the content of physics curriculum in senior high school. Finally, it makes a comprehensive comparative study on the content of physics curriculum and its influencing factors in senior high school. On the basis of this, this paper systematically analyzes the physics curriculum standard and its influencing factors during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and expounds the political, economic and cultural trend of thought in physics education during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. This paper summarizes the enlightenment and reference of physics education policy in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China to the current physics education in senior high school, and provides a reference for the formulation and implementation of the curriculum standard of physics in senior high school.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

【参考文献】