环境对说谎行为的影响及其神经机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 15:58

本文选题：说谎　切入点：破窗理论　出处：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我们的日常生活中,说谎是一种普遍存在的社会现象。人们经常会因为对自己的或他人的利益考虑而说出善意的或恶意的谎言。日常生活中的小谎言影响还不是很大,但司法、政治、经济和临床等专业领域,谎言则可能会造成非常严重的后果。自皮亚杰提出说谎的概念以来,研究者们从各个方面对说谎进行了不同的研究。但是,现有的实验室研究多数探讨说谎行为的发生和发展、说谎的认知发展和说谎的脑机制等方面。我们不难发现,现行的研究都是在单一的环境下展开的。目前还没有研究探讨不同环境对说谎行为的影响。破窗理论认为,环境的无序,给人一种别人不会关心的信号,继而导致更多无序行为的发生。已有一些研究表明,干净或肮脏的环境会影响人们对不道德行为的容忍度,使得人们做出更严格或更不严格的道德判断,继而更多的包容不道德行为或更多地抵制不道德的行为。而说谎行为与道德存在千丝万缕的联系。本实验采用猜硬币的实验范式,提供可自发说谎的条件,考察干净环境和肮脏环境启动对说谎行为的影响及其涉及的神经机制。实验一是单纯的行为研究实验。被试随机分配在干净的或肮脏的实验室完成实验。实验过程中,被试预测电脑随机投掷硬币的结果,被试是否赢得奖励取决于自我报告的正确率。但是,在有机会说谎的情况下,被试的说谎行为是不会被发现的；在无机会说谎的条件下,被试的说谎行为是可以被发现的。实验二采用和实验一相同的实验范式。实验二在实验一的基础上,进一步探讨环境对说谎行为影响所涉及的神经机制。实验二在实验过程中采用fNIRS记录被试实时的大脑活动。本研究得出以下结论： (1)行为实验发现,与无机会说谎的条件相比,被试在有机会说谎的条件下,被试通过报告更高的正确率来赢得奖励。 (2)行为实验发现,在有机会说谎的条件下,被试在干净的实验室情境下自我报告的正确率显著高于在肮脏的实验室情境下自我报告的正确率。行为实验发现,在无机会说谎的条件下,被试在干净的实验室情境下自我报告的正确率与在肮脏的实验室情境下自我报告的正确率差异不显著。 (3) fNIRS实验发现,与无机会说谎条件相比较,被试在有机会说谎条件下报告自己预测正确时,通道11额极区有更强的激活。 (4)在肮脏的实验室下,随着说谎行为的增加,在通道8背外侧前额叶上面的激活反而降低。但是在干净的实验室下,就没有这种效应出现。
[Abstract]:Lying is a common social phenomenon in our daily life. People often tell white or malicious lies for their own interests or for the interests of others. But in the judicial, political, economic, and clinical fields, lies can have very serious consequences. Since Piaget put forward the concept of lying, researchers have studied it in different ways. But, Most of the existing laboratory studies have explored the occurrence and development of lying behavior, the cognitive development of lying and the brain mechanism of lying. The current research is carried out in a single environment. At present, there is no study on the influence of different environments on lying behavior. Broken window theory holds that the disorder of the environment gives a signal that no one else will care about it. This in turn leads to more disorderly behaviour. Some studies have shown that a clean or dirty environment can affect people's tolerance for immoral behaviour, leading to stricter or less stringent moral judgments. And then more tolerance of immoral behavior or more resistance to immoral behavior. Lying behavior and morality are inextricably linked. This experiment uses the coin guessing paradigm to provide the conditions for spontaneous lying. To investigate the effect of clean environment and dirty environment on lying behavior and the neural mechanism involved. Experiment 1 is a simple behavioral research experiment. Subjects were randomly assigned to complete the experiment in a clean or dirty laboratory. Participants predicted the results of random coin tossing by computers, and whether they won the award or not depended on the correct rate of self-reporting. However, when they had the chance to lie, the subjects' lying behavior would not be detected; under the condition of no chance to lie, The lying behavior of the subjects can be found. Experiment 2 adopts the same experimental paradigm as experiment 1. Experiment 2 is based on experiment 1. To further explore the neural mechanism involved in the influence of environment on lying behavior. Experiment 2 used fNIRS to record the real time brain activity of the subjects in the course of the experiment. The present study draws the following conclusions:. The behavioral experiment found that compared with the condition of no chance to lie, the subjects won the reward by reporting a higher correct rate when they had the opportunity to lie. (2) Behavioral experiments found that the correct rate of self-reporting in clean laboratory situations was significantly higher than that in dirty laboratory situations when the subjects were given the opportunity to lie. Under the condition of no chance to lie, there was no significant difference between the correct rate of self-report in clean laboratory and the correct rate of self-report in dirty laboratory. (3) fNIRS experiments showed that the frontal polar region of channel 11 was more activated when the subjects reported that their prediction was correct when they had the opportunity to lie under the condition of no chance to lie. (4) in dirty laboratories, the activation above the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe of channel 8 decreased with the increase of lying behavior, but no such effect was observed in clean laboratories.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848.4

【共引文献】