马克思科学技术思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 13:24

  本文选题：马克思 + 科学技术　； 参考：《华中师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：科学技术是推动人类社会发展的主导力量,是国家富强和民族振兴的重要手段。当前社会政治、经济、文化等领域无不体现着科学技术的力量。在当前新技术的革命浪潮中,科学技术发展突飞猛进,其成果应用的领域不断扩大,科学技术的力量成倍增长,对社会发展和人类进步的影响日益增大。在人类社会发展进程中,科学技术重要的推动作用引起了古今中外哲学家的研究和探讨,形成了不同的理论观点。近代西方自然科学的兴起,带来了人类历史上的科技革命,导致了资本主义迅速崛起,人类社会迈入新时代。科学技术的迅猛发展,使人类社会的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化,创造了大量的物质财富,科学技术的重大作用引起了马克思的浓厚兴趣,促使他进行了密切关注和深入研究。马克思科学技术思想的产生有其深刻的历史根源和思想渊源。近代以来的自然科学思想,康德、黑格尔、费尔巴哈等人的哲学和科学思想对马克思科学技术思想的形成产生了深刻的影响。马克思的著作中并没有系统论述科学技术问题,有关科学技术的思想散见于早年到暮年的众多论述、书信和笔记中,特别是在《机器、自然力和科学的应用》、《德意志意识形态》、《资本论》等著作中有较多的论述,虽然比较分散,但内容丰富,思想深刻,是马克思唯物史观不可或缺的重要组成部分。马克思从科学技术与社会关系的角度,认为科学技术起源于人的感性实践,是人类重要的实践活动。科学技术是人类认识自然和改造自然的重要工具,具有价值中立性,但这种中立性只是相对的而非绝对的。马克思详细研究了科学技术在资本制度建立中的重要作用,提出了科学技术是推动社会发展与变革的主要因素,是最高意义上的革命力量。但另一方面,科学技术导致了劳动的异化和人自身的异化。科技异化有其深刻的社会历史根源,解决科技异化需要消灭资本主义制度,建立社会主义制度。本文立足于马克思经典著作文本,对有关科学技术的内容进行了详细的研读。论文主要分为五个部分:第一部分,绪论,主要对马克思科学技术思想研究的目的意义、国内外研究成果进行了梳理,提出了论文的主要创新之处;第二部分,对马克思科学技术思想形成的政治、经济、文化、社会因素等进行分析,揭示马克思科学技术思想形成的历史背景;第三部分,通过对马克思经典著作文本进行详细的研究和解读,结合当前国内外研究成果,分析和探讨了马克思科学技术思想的具体内容。主要包括:科学、技术及其辩证关系,科学技术既源于实践又是人类的实践活动,科学技术是生产力的观点,科学技术的异化与避免异化的对策等方面;第四部分,主要研究西方学者对马克思科学技术思想的丰富和完善,同时也重点分析了我国在革命和社会主义建设时期对马克思科学技术思想的继承与发展。第五部分,针对现代社会科学技术发展中存在的问题,采取理论联系实际的方法,探讨了马克思科学技术思想对当代的启示,提出了解决问题的对策和建议。面对生态失衡、科技异化等问题,论文主要从大力发展科学技术、坚持科技发展生态化、注重科学精神和人文精神协调发展,减弱或消除科学技术异化作用等方面阐述了马克思科学技术思想的当代价值。
[Abstract]:Science and technology are the leading forces to promote the development of human society. It is an important means for the prosperity of the nation and the revitalization of the nation. The current social, political, economic, cultural and other fields are all embody the power of science and technology. In the current revolution of new technology, the development of science and technology is advancing rapidly, the field of its application is expanding, and the science and technology are In the process of human social development, the important impetus of science and technology in the process of human social development has caused the research and discussion of the ancient and modern philosophers, forming different theoretical views. The rise of modern western natural science has brought about the scientific and technological revolution in human history, which has led to the development of scientific and technological revolution in the history of mankind. The rapid rise of capitalism and the new era of human society. The rapid development of science and technology has made the face of the human society changing and created a lot of material wealth. The important role of science and technology has aroused Marx's keen interest, which prompted him to pay close attention and in-depth study. Marx Science and technology thought. In modern times, the philosophical and scientific ideas of natural science, Kant, Hagel, Feuerbach and others have a profound influence on the formation of Marx's scientific and technological ideas. In Marx's works, there is no systematic discussion on science and technology and the thinking of science and technology. Many treatise, letters and notes that want to be scattered from early to twilight, especially in the works of "machine, natural force and the application of science", "German Ideology >" and "Das Kapital", are more widely discussed, although they are relatively scattered but have a profound content and profound thought, which are an indispensable part of Marx's materialist conception of history. Marx is from the Department of science. From the point of view of the relationship between technology and society, it is believed that science and technology originate from human perceptual practice, which are important practical activities of human beings. Science and technology are important tools of human understanding of nature and transformation of nature, with value neutrality, but this neutrality is only relative rather than absolute. Marx studied the capital system in detail. On the other hand, science and technology have led to the alienation of labor and the alienation of human beings. The alienation of science and technology has its profound social and historical roots, and the solution of the alienation of science and technology needs to eliminate the capitalist system. On the basis of the text of Marx's classic works, this paper makes a detailed study of the content of science and technology. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part, the introduction, mainly to the purpose of the study of Marx's scientific and technological ideas, the research achievements at home and abroad, and the main innovation of the paper. The second part analyses the political, economic, cultural and social factors of Marx's scientific and technological ideas, reveals the historical background of the formation of Marx's scientific and technological ideas. The third part, through a detailed study and interpretation of the text of Marx's classic works, analyzes and discusses Mark in combination with the current research results at home and abroad. The specific contents of the thought of science and technology mainly include: Science, technology and its dialectical relationship, science and technology not only originated from practice but also human practice, science and technology is the viewpoint of productivity, the alienation of science and technology and the countermeasures to avoid alienation, and the fourth part mainly studies the abundant Western scholars' ideas on Marx's science and technology. Rich and perfect, it also focuses on the analysis of the inheritance and development of Marx's scientific and technological ideas in the period of revolution and socialist construction. In the fifth part, in view of the problems existing in the development of modern social science and technology, the method of linking theory with practice is adopted, and the Enlightenment of Marx's scientific and technological ideas to the present age is discussed and the understanding of the understanding is put forward. In the face of ecological imbalance and scientific and technological dissimilation, the thesis mainly expounds the contemporary value of Marx's scientific and technological ideas from the aspects of vigorously developing science and technology, adhering to the ecological development of science and technology, focusing on the coordinated development of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, and reducing or eliminating the role of science and technology alienation.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G301;A81
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本文编号：1787391