短语理论视角下元话语的评价功能研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 00:16

本文选题：元话语 + 短语　；参考：《江南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：元话语是指作者组织语篇、吸引读者、表示对命题内容和对读者的态度的显性语言手段，体现交际参与要素之间的互动关系，基于这一理念，Hyland将元话语分为引导元话语和互动元话语。近些年的研究显示，元话语的研究不管是在方法、内容还是研究对象都变得日益丰富、深入、细致。总体来说，可以用“厚”与“薄”两个字来概括当前元话语的研究：“厚”这一层面对元话语的研究更加具体，关注语言本体的研究；而“薄”则相对来说更加宽泛，注重研究对象中元话语数量分布的探讨。目前有关元话语的研究主要从心理语言学角度、社会语言学角度、认知功能角度和自然语言处理角度等这些方面来进行。随着计算机技术在语言研究领域的运用，大批量的文本处理成为可能，这也促进了语料库语言学的研究。同时，运用语料库软件对大量文本的处理所收集的数据也在一定程度上使元话语的定性分析有据可依、更科学。作为一种联系作者与语篇，作者与读者，读者与语篇的重要手段，元话语对作者表达观点、实现语篇的评价至关重要。而语篇评价这一概念实质上表达的是人际意义。但长期以来，有一个重要的特点却容易被学者忽略，即元话语作为语言的本质特点。既然元话语对作者的态度、实现语篇的评价功能有影响，那么这种影响究竟是如何产生的？是不是所有的元话语都有评价功能？这种评价是显性的还是隐性的？它的表达方式有哪些？鉴于这些疑问，本文主要针对以下问题进行了具体的研究分析： (1)元话语在新闻评论中的频率分布情况如何？ (2)元话语在新闻评论中的典型的短语形式是什么？这些短语形式具有什么样的评价功能？ (3)元话语短语如何实现其在新闻评论中的评价功能？为了解决上述三个问题，本文参考《哥伦比亚新闻评论》周刊对新闻评论的分类，自建语料库，共收集了政治、经济、科技、文化四个方面的120篇新闻评论，均来自英美主流媒体（《华盛顿邮报》、《路透社》、《卫报》、《观察家报》），时间跨度为2010年10月至2013年12月，试以语料库短语理论视角，在Martin和White(2005)评价理论背景下，从元话语的形式、意义与评价功能入手，通过定性分析为主、定量分析为参照的研究方法，并借助计算机软件Antconc3.2和Wordsmith6.0尝试对语料中出现的典型且含有元话语的语块进行较全面、多角度的分析，以求了解元话语实现评价功能的潜在原因。通过研究发现： 1）在本研究中，语料库内出现的元话语形式共计为183个，引导元话语和互动元话语出现的次数分别为6417次和4234次。出现频率较高的为转换标记语、框架标记语与模糊标记语,占元话语总数的百分比别为42.1%，18.9%和16.1%，出现频率最少的元话语为语码标注语，为0.4%。 2）本语料中，高频元话语短语，即出现在4篇语篇以上的语块形式为27组。27组短语形式中包含不同类型的元话语分类，如转换标记语according to、模糊标记语seem to和seem like、证据标记语X says和自我提及语I think, I suspect等。 3）作者在同一语境中会同时使用两种或两种以上的元话语资源来表达观点、构建、缓和并完善作者-读者关系，来实现对客体的评价功能，，以此完成语篇的劝说功能，典型的即为模糊语和强调语在评论中的交替使用。 4）元话语的评价功能体现在其对作者态度的影响程度方面：证据标记语、框架标记语可以增强语篇的正面评价；转换标记语在不同的语境中既可以增强语篇的正面评价也可以增强语篇的负面评价；模糊标记语既可以削弱语篇的正面评价又可以缓和语篇的负面评价；转换标记语、自我提及语、关系建立语则被作者用来进行假设、建立并完善作者-读者关系，进而完成语篇的评价、劝说功能。以上研究在理论上为元话语的意义、形式与评价功能的实现进行了一定的探索和总结。在实践方面为元话语的研究提供了一个新的视角，同时为英语写作在谋篇布局、论点阐述层面提供了一定的借鉴。因此，这些发现对语言形式、意义与功能的探析有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Meta discourse refers to the explicit language means by which the author organizes the text, attracts the readers, expresses the propositional content and the attitude to the reader, and embodies the interactive relationship between the elements of the communicative participation. Based on this idea, Hyland divides the meta discourse into the guiding and interactive meta discourse. In recent years, the research shows that the research of meta discourse is in the method, within the method. In general, the two words of "thick" and "thin" can be used to summarize the research of the current meta discourse: the "thick" layer is more specific to the research of the meta discourse, and pays more attention to the research of the language noumenon, while the "thin" is relatively broader and pays more attention to the research object. The discussion of the quantity distribution of language.
At present, the research on meta discourse is carried out mainly from the perspective of psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, cognitive function and Natural Language Processing. With the application of computer technology in the field of language research, large volume text processing is possible, which also promotes the research of corpus linguistics. The data collected by the corpus of a large number of texts can also make the qualitative analysis of the meta discourse to some extent feasible and scientific. As an important means to link the author and the text, the author and the reader, the reader and the text, the meta discourse is very important to the author to express his views and to evaluate the text. But for a long time, there is an important feature that is easily ignored by scholars, that is, the essential characteristics of the language. Since the meta discourse has an influence on the author's attitude and the evaluation function of the text, how does this effect come into being? Is all the meta discourse has the merit of evaluation. Can the evaluation be explicit or recessive? What are the ways of its expression? In view of these questions, this paper mainly studies and analyses the following questions.
(1) what is the frequency distribution of Metadiscourse in news commentary?
(2) what are the typical phrase forms of Metadiscourse in news commentary? What are the evaluation functions of these phrase forms?
(3) how do metadiscourse phrases achieve their evaluation function in news commentary?
In order to solve the above three problems, this paper, referring to the classification of news commentary by the Columbia news review, collected 120 news reviews in four aspects of politics, economy, science and technology, and culture, all from the mainstream media in Britain and America (< Washington Post > < Reuters >, < Guardian >, < observer >), with a span of October 2010. To December 2013, in the perspective of corpus phrase theory, under the background of Martin and White (2005) evaluation theory, starting with the form, meaning and evaluation function of meta discourse, the research method which is based on qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis as reference, and with the help of computer software Antconc3.2 and Wordsmith6.0 to try to appear in the corpus and contain the typical examples. The chunks of metadiscourse are analyzed in a comprehensive and multi perspective way in order to realize the potential reasons for the evaluation function of Jie Yuan discourse.
Through the study, it is found that:
1) in this study, the total number of meta discourse in the corpus is 183, and the number of leading element discourse and interactive meta discourse appear 6417 times and 4234 times respectively. The higher frequency is the conversion marker, the frame marker and the fuzzy marker, the percentage of the total amount of the total discourse is 42.1%, 18.9% and 16.1%. Discourse is a code tagging language, which is 0.4%.
2) in this corpus, the high-frequency meta discourse phrase, that is, in the form of the block above the 4 discourse, contains 27 groups of.27 group phrases, including the different types of meta discourse classification, such as the conversion marker according to, the fuzzy marker seem to and the seem like, the evidence marker X says and the I think of the self reference, I consultants and so on.
3) in the same context, the author will use two or more than two kinds of meta discourse resources to express their views, construct, alleviate and improve the author reader relationship, to realize the evaluation function of the object, so as to finish the persuasive function of the text, which is the alternately used of the vague language and the emphasis in the comment.
4) the evaluation function of meta discourse is reflected in the degree of its influence on the author's attitude: evidence markings, frame markers can enhance the positive evaluation of the text, which can enhance both the positive evaluation of the discourse and the negative evaluation of the text in different contexts; the fuzzy markup can weaken the positive of the text. Face evaluation can also mitigate the negative evaluation of discourse; conversion markers, self references, and relationship establishment are used by the author to assume assumptions, establish and improve the relationship between the author and reader, and then finish the evaluation and persuasive function of the text.
The above research has made a certain exploration and summary for the meaning of meta discourse, the form and the realization of the function of evaluation. In practice, it provides a new perspective for the study of meta discourse, and provides some reference for the layout of English writing and the exposition of the argument. The analysis of function is of great significance.

【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315

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