加德满都谷地传统建筑探究

发布时间：2018-04-28 23:32

本文选题：尼泊尔 + 加德满都谷地　；参考：《南京工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：加德满都谷地位于尼泊尔中部,是尼泊尔政治、经济、文化的中心。在古代,这里是亚洲文明交汇的十字路口,印度文明和华夏文明在这里相互影响、相互渗透。加德满都谷地经济发展落后,当地人主要收入来源依靠农业和旅游服务业。尼泊尔独特的地形地貌,吸引了众多游人前来观光探险,这里享有“东方瑞士”的美誉。吸引来自世界各地游客的不仅仅是安纳普尔那徒步大环线,更多的是加德满都谷地那璀璨的印度教神庙、精雕细琢的皇宫建筑群、虔诚的佛教徒、淳朴的民风、异样的民俗节日。本文主要研究加德满都谷地传统建筑。笔者对尼泊尔历史资料进行了挖掘整理,对加德满都谷地主要地区进行深度考察走访,对加德满都谷地传统建筑进行调查与研究,在此基础上,分析加德满都谷地城市建设、宫殿建筑、宗教建筑、民居建筑和建造技术等,归纳总结得出一般规律。笔者通过大量典型实例,力求通俗完整地展现加德满都谷地传统建筑。本文共分八章,主要章节根据不同的建筑类型进行分类。第一章为绪论,包括课题来源、研究对象与内容、国内外研究现状、研究目的和意义以及研究思路框架。第二章介绍加德满都谷地自然环境和人文背景,全面解读谷地地形地貌、气候特征、历史沿革、民族和宗教等,分析其内在联系,为课题研究打下基础。第三章至第七章为本文重点章节,按照类型分别为加德满都谷地城市建设、宫殿建筑、宗教建筑、民居建筑和传统建造技术五部分。第三章城市建设分为三部分,介绍城市发展历史、分析城市的选址与布局特征,并分析城市发展因素。第四章为宫殿建筑,以加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗三座城市的宫殿为例,介绍宫殿建筑的发展,并分析宫殿建筑的布局特征。第五章宗教建筑分为印度教建筑和佛教建筑两大类,以谷地内主要印度教和佛教建筑为例,分析印度教建筑类型、形制、元素以及佛教建筑类型与形制。第六章民居建筑主要介绍民居建筑群的空间布局特征,建筑单体形制及建筑材料。第七章为传统建筑技术,分析谷地内的建造技术特色,尤其对宫殿建筑、神庙建筑和民居建筑的木构件构造做法进行解读。第八章介绍4.25大地震对谷地传统建筑的影响,罗列对比受损严重的文物建筑,分析其受损严重的原因。
[Abstract]:The Kathmandu Valley, located in central Nepal, is the political, economic and cultural center of Nepal. In ancient times, it was the crossroads of Asian civilizations, where Indian and Chinese civilizations interacted and infiltrated. The Kathmandu Valley lags behind, and the local people rely mainly on agriculture and tourism services for their income. Nepal's unique topography, attracted many visitors to explore, here enjoy the "Eastern Switzerland" reputation. Tourists from all over the world are attracted not only by the Annapurna trekking loop, but also by the radiant Hindu temples in the Kathmandu Valley, the elaborate palace complex, the devout Buddhists, the simple folkways. An unusual folk festival. This paper mainly studies the traditional architecture of Kathmandu Valley. The author excavates and arranges the historical data of Nepal, makes a deep investigation and visit to the main areas of Kathmandu Valley, investigates and studies the traditional buildings in the Kathmandu Valley, and on this basis, analyzes the urban construction of the Kathmandu Valley. Palace architecture, religious architecture, residential architecture and construction technology, summed up and summed up the general law. Through a large number of typical examples, the author tries to show the traditional buildings of Kathmandu Valley in a popular and complete way. This paper is divided into eight chapters, the main chapters are classified according to different architectural types. The first chapter is the introduction, including the source of the topic, research object and content, domestic and foreign research status, research purpose and significance, as well as the framework of research ideas. The second chapter introduces the natural environment and humanistic background of Kathmandu Valley, comprehensively interprets the landform, climate characteristics, historical evolution, ethnic and religious relationship, and lays a foundation for the research of this subject. The third to seventh chapters are the key chapters of this paper, according to the types of Kathmandu Valley urban construction, palace architecture, religious architecture, residential architecture and traditional construction technology five parts. The third chapter is divided into three parts. It introduces the history of urban development, analyzes the characteristics of city location and layout, and analyzes the factors of urban development. The fourth chapter is the palace architecture, taking the palaces of Kathmandu, Patan and Badgang as examples, introduces the development of the palace architecture, and analyzes the layout characteristics of the palace architecture. The fifth chapter is divided into two categories: Hindu architecture and Buddhist architecture. Taking the main Hindu and Buddhist architecture in the valley as an example, this paper analyzes the types, shapes, elements, types and shapes of Hindu architecture. The sixth chapter mainly introduces the space layout characteristics, individual shape and building materials of residential buildings. The seventh chapter is the traditional architectural technology, analysis of the characteristics of the construction technology in the valley, especially to the palace architecture, temple architecture and residential buildings of wood construction practices are interpreted. The eighth chapter introduces the influence of the 4.25 earthquake on the traditional buildings in the valley, lists and compares the seriously damaged cultural relics buildings, and analyzes the causes of the serious damage.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU-86

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