韩国部署“萨德”系统的政策分析

发布时间：2018-05-09 06:54

  本文选题：韩国 + “萨德”系统　； 参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：韩国选择部署“萨德”系统作为面对朝鲜核危机的应对战略,已经在全世界范围内引起关注。作为末段高空区域防御系统,“萨德”系统已经远超出韩国的安全需要。东北亚地区的安全形势在“萨德”系统引入下变得更加复杂。2014年以来,美国不断推动韩国部署“萨德”系统,韩国一直坚持“未请求、未讨论和未决定”三原则。但2016年朝鲜相继完成了第四次与第五次核试验,直接推动韩国接受美国的请求,决定部署“萨德”系统。韩国在部署“萨德”系统方面面临着多重挑战。首先,基于美国特朗普总统提出的要韩国承担10亿美元的费用以及日后的维修费用,可能会给韩国的国防预算带来重大压力;其次,由于“萨德”系统覆盖的范围有限,其实践效果还有待检验;第三,“萨德”系统也会因为辐射严重破坏部署地点的工作生活环境,由此国内民众不断涌现出反对部署“萨德”的浪潮;最后,“萨德”系统的雷达辐射范围很广,威胁到了中国和俄罗斯部分地区的安全利益,受到中国和俄罗斯的反对。韩国部署“萨德”系统不仅会造成朝鲜半岛局势更加紧张,也会对中韩、俄韩关系形成冲击,从而对东北亚地区的力量均衡造成破坏。尽管面对多重压力和消极影响,从实践方面来看韩国依旧在不断加快部署“萨德”系统的步伐。本文在建构主义视角下来探究韩国部署“萨德”系统的动因。建构主义是西方国际关系理论中的重要理论学派,于20世纪80年代中后期广泛被应用于解释朝韩问题。建构主义的核心观点是国家认同决定国家身份,国家身份决定国家利益,最终国家利益决定国家行为。韩国部署“萨德”系统的动因是应对朝鲜的核威胁,2016年朝鲜第四次核试验直接推动韩国接受美国的“萨德”系统;其次,迫于美国的压力,受历史因素的影响,冷战时期形成的军事同盟关系影响至今;从韩国自身因素来讲,韩国的身份构建依附于美国来寻求自身发展,韩国作为美国军事及后来政治经济等方面坚定的跟随者,在政治和经济等多方面的发展依赖于美国,对美国的意识形态、国家实力等存在较强的认同,必然采取与美国身份和利益相符的行动。本研究认为韩国选择部署“萨德”系统来应对朝鲜的核威胁,不会从根本上保护韩国的国家安全,会给朝鲜半岛局势和东北亚地区添加不稳定变量。而韩国要想从根本上维护本国的安全和利益,需要努力发展和提升弹道导弹防御能力,积极构建朝鲜半岛的和平机制,并加强建设东北亚地区国家的多边关系。
[Abstract]:South Korea's choice to deploy THAAD as a response to North Korea's nuclear crisis has attracted worldwide attention. As a terminal high-altitude area defense system, THAAD has far exceeded South Korea's security needs. The security situation in Northeast Asia has become more complex with the introduction of the THAAD system. Since 2014, the United States has been pushing South Korea to deploy the THAAD system, and South Korea has insisted on the three principles of "no request, no discussion and no decision." But North Korea completed its fourth and fifth nuclear tests in 2016, directly pushing South Korea to accept the U.S. request to deploy the THAAD system. South Korea faces multiple challenges in deploying the THAAD system. First, based on President Trump's proposal to charge South Korea $1 billion in costs and future maintenance costs, it could put significant pressure on South Korea's defense budget; second, because of the limited coverage of the THAAD system, Its practical effect has yet to be tested; third, the THAAD system will also seriously damage the working and living environment of the deployment sites because of radiation, resulting in a continuous wave of opposition from the domestic population to the deployment of the THAAD; finally, The THAAD system has a wide range of radar radiation, threatening the security interests of parts of China and Russia and being opposed by China and Russia. South Korea's deployment of the THAAD system will not only increase tension on the Korean Peninsula, but also impact the relations between China, South Korea, Russia and South Korea, thus undermining the balance of power in Northeast Asia. Despite the pressures and negative effects, South Korea has been speeding up the deployment of the THAAD system in practice. From the perspective of constructivism, this paper explores the motivation of South Korea's deployment of THAAD system. Constructivism is an important theoretical school in western international relations theory. It was widely used to explain the inter-Korean problem in the middle and late 1980s. The core view of constructivism is that the national identity determines the national identity, the national identity determines the national interest, and the final national interest determines the state behavior. The motivation for South Korea's deployment of the "THAAD" system is to deal with the North's nuclear threat. The fourth nuclear test conducted by the DPRK in 2016 directly promoted South Korea's acceptance of the "THAAD" system of the United States. Secondly, under pressure from the United States, it was influenced by historical factors. The military alliance formed during the Cold War has influenced the present; from the point of view of South Korea's own factors, South Korea's identity construction depends on the United States to seek its own development. South Korea, as a firm follower of the United States' military and later political and economic aspects, The development of politics and economy depends on the United States, and there is a strong recognition of American ideology and national strength, so it is necessary to take actions consistent with the identity and interests of the United States. This study suggests that South Korea's choice to deploy THAAD system to deal with North Korea's nuclear threat will not fundamentally protect South Korea's national security, and will add instability variables to the situation on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia. If South Korea wants to fundamentally safeguard its security and interests, it needs to work hard to develop and enhance its ballistic missile defense capability, actively build a peaceful mechanism on the Korean Peninsula, and strengthen the multilateral relations of the countries in Northeast Asia.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D831.26
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本文编号：1865023