中国农会组织的历史演进研究（1907-1954）

发布时间：2018-05-09 12:20

本文选题：近代 + 农会组织　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代中国是一个由传统社会向现代社会转型的大变革时代，农民从传统的血缘关系、宗族组织中解放出来，逐渐成为农村社会政治经济关系的主体，这一时期，新兴的农会组织超越了传统的宗族关系，在这一变迁过程中有着十分重要的意义。本文对于兴起于清末衰亡于新中国成立初期的农会组织的历史发展状况进行系统梳理，主要从以下四个方面进行探讨。第一，清末民初作为政府农业咨询机构的农会。中国近代农会是清末兴起的新型农民团体组织，直隶农务总会是最早具有合法社会团体地位的农会。这一时期农业生产落后，农民生活困苦，先进的社会阶层开始考虑实业救国之路，加之清政府“新政”的推动，农会应运而生，，主要负责编辑农学报、创办农业学堂、开展农业调查等活动。由于严格受政府管辖，活动经费需要政府扶持，且会员成分以绅商为主体，因此这一时期农会性质为政府的农业咨询机构，是进行农业改良的社会经济组织。第二，大革命时期具有政权性质的农会。中国共产党成立后，农会组织真正成为农民自己改造社会的组织。这时的农会是在土地愈益集中、农村阶层显著变化的社会背景下发展起来的，且有其特定的称呼——农民协会。农民协会领导农民进行了支援北伐战争、开展反帝斗争和农村大革命等活动，对中国社会产生了极为深远的影响。此时的农民协会与清末民初的农会有本质区别，是一个带有较强政治斗争色彩的政权组织。第三，国民政府时期整治社会秩序的农会。大革命失败后，国民党反动派开始对农民协会进行摧残，残酷镇压农民运动，大革命时期具有政权性质的农会组织暂时退出历史舞台。国民政府时期，国民党和共产党分别对农会组织进行了重建和领导，国民党将农会改造为巩固其乡村统治秩序的工具，而共产党领导下的农会则是合法的革命政权执行机关。第四，新中国成立初期进行土地改革的农民协会。新中国成立后，中共领导人民进行改革和建设。这一时期，农民协会以贫苦农民为主体，组织农民开展土地革命和进行农村社会改革。但是在土改完成之后，农村基层政权建设得以实现，再加之农民协会自身存在缺陷，这一社会组织最终退出历史舞台。这一时期的农民协会真正维护了农民利益，有力地维持了农村社会的稳定。通过对近代农会的历史研究，我们可以得出一些启示：农会组织的建立及其任务，是与当时的社会主题和社会需要密切相关的，这一组织要想在特定社会中获得长足发展，必须具有一定的正当性基础，而且要正确处理其与国家、农民的关系。近代农会组织的研究也为我国当代的农民组织建设提供了有益的借鉴意义。在当前我国新农村建设中，农民组织化问题关系到我国基层政权的建设，关系到村民自治的实现，因此新形势下的农民组织成为当前研究的热点，也是我国建设新农村的重点。当前农村应该建立新型的、形式多样的农民组织，并遵循具有现代意义原则和宗旨，最大限度地维护农民的利益。我们应该结合当前的社会现实，注重农民组织的经济性，尊重农民组织的独立性、自主性，确保农民参与的主动性、自愿性，保证当今农民组织发展的可持续性。
[Abstract]:Modern China is an era of transformation from traditional society to modern society. Farmers are liberated from traditional blood relations and clan organizations and gradually become the main body of social political and economic relations in rural areas. In this period, the new peasant associations have surpassed the traditional patriarchal clan relations, and are very important in this process. This paper makes a systematic review of the historical development of the peasant association in the early period of the founding of new China in the late Qing Dynasty, mainly from the following four aspects.
First, the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was the Agricultural Association of the government agricultural advisory body. The modern Chinese peasant association was a new type of farmers' organization which rose in the late Qing Dynasty. The Zhili agricultural association was the earliest peasant association with the status of legal social groups. As a result of the government's "New Deal", the peasant association came into being. It was mainly responsible for editing agricultural journals, establishing agricultural schools and carrying out agricultural investigation. Due to the strict government jurisdiction, the funds needed government support, and the members of the members took the gentry business as the main body. Therefore, the agricultural advisory body of the government in this period was the agricultural improvement. The social and economic organization.
Second, the peasant association with the nature of the political power during the period of the revolution. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, the organization of the peasant association really became the organization of the peasant's own transformation of the society. The peasant association was developed under the social background of the more concentrated land and a significant change in the rural stratum, and the peasant association, the peasant association, led the peasants. In support of the northern expedition, the anti imperialist struggle and the rural revolution had a profound influence on the Chinese society. At this time, the peasant association was essentially different from the peasant association in the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. It was a political organization with a strong political struggle color.
Third, the national government during the period of the regulation of the social order of the peasant association. After the failure of the revolution, the reactionaries of the Kuomintang began to destroy the peasant associations and brutally repress the peasant movement. The peasant association, which has the nature of the political power in the period of the revolution, temporarily withdrew from the historical stage. During the period of the national government, the National People's party and the Communist Party rebuilt the organization of the peasant associations. And leaders, the Kuomintang transformed the peasant associations into a tool to consolidate their rural order, and the peasant associations under the leadership of the Communist Party were the legitimate executive organs of the revolutionary government.
Fourth, the peasant association of land reform in the early period of the founding of new China. After the founding of new China, the Chinese Communist Party led the reform and construction of the people. In this period, the peasant association took the poor farmers as the main body to organize the peasants to carry out the land revolution and carry out the rural social reform. In addition, the social organization finally withdrew from the historical stage. The peasant association in this period really maintained the interests of the peasants and strongly maintained the stability of the rural society.
Through the historical study of the modern agricultural association, we can draw some enlightenment: the establishment and task of the organization of the peasant association is closely related to the social themes and social needs of the time. This organization must have a certain legitimacy foundation in a particular society, and should correctly deal with it with the country and the peasants. Relationship.
The study of the organization of the modern agricultural association also provides useful reference for the construction of the Contemporary Peasant Organization in our country. In the current construction of the new countryside, the problem of the organization of farmers is related to the construction of the grass-roots political power in our country and the realization of the autonomy of the villagers. Therefore, the peasant organization under the new situation has become the hot spot of the current research, and it is also the construction of our country. The current rural areas should focus on the establishment of new and diversified farmers' organizations, and follow the principles and purposes of modern significance and maintain the interests of farmers to the maximum extent. We should combine the current social reality, pay attention to the economy of the farmers' organizations, respect the independence and autonomy of the farmers' organizations, and ensure the farmers' participation. Mobility and voluntariness ensure the sustainability of the development of today's peasant organizations.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D422

【参考文献】