沈兼士领导下的明清档案整理研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 23:34

本文选题：明清档案 + 档案整理　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着清朝末年的政权更迭,明清两代大量珍贵档案被遗留下来,这些档案被北洋政府以财政困窘为由卖给了北京西单同懋增纸店,之后罗振玉出资回购了这部分档案,请人在天津库书楼进行整理。北京大学研究所国学门主任沈兼士知道这批档案的消息后,连同马衡等人向蔡元培请示,最终将这批档案划归由北京大学研究所国学门进行整理。沈兼士带领国学门与史学系、国文系的教职员组成清代内阁大库档案整理委员会,档案整理委员会集体商议后制定了北京大学整理档案的方法。北京大学研究所国学门是我国近代以来首个整理档案的较为专业的研究机构,国学门首次将档案的整理与档案的提供利用功能结合起来,中国近代的第一批档案工作者大都在这个时期培养产生。通过档案整理委员会的工作,沈兼士、陈垣、朱希祖等人带领档案整理委员会,对"八千麻袋"事件留存下来的剩余内阁大库档案进行了较为系统地整理,为我国近代档案事业的发展做出了贡献。故宫博物院文献馆是参与明清档案整理的重要机构组织,参与整理档案的大都还是北大研究所国学门时期的各位师生,如陈垣、沈兼士、单士元等,所以在档案的整理方法上也大都继承了国学门时期的整理经验,并在实践探索的基础上对方法和步骤进行了完善。沈兼士在档案的理论思想、行政思想、管理思想等方面都有一定的创新和建树,他较早地提出了"档案学" 一词,尤其注重对历史史料的编纂出版利用工作,相应的也重视相关档案史料的收集工作;认为档案和考古物器具有同等重要的历史地位,力争为整理档案工作筹措经费,并建议建立相关的档案组织机构和档案的人事制度;提出档案应遵循普遍整理原则,同时尊重档案原有的顺序;重视档案的鉴定和保管工作,命令省市县的各级政府的档案应就地保管,不得随意废弃;认为档案的编纂与陈列工作是与档案的整理编目工作同等重要的一项工作,在文献馆整理报告中专门列出了有关编纂和陈列的工作要求。沈兼士领导下的档案同仁们也纷纷提出了有关明清档案整理的思想,方u&生、张德泽、王梅儕等人对清代档案的整理与分类问题进行了详细的分析与说明;蒋廷黻、姚从吾、傅振伦等人则对美国及欧洲等国的档案整理与分类问题进行了论述,对比我国与外国档案工作后指出了其中的差距,并提出了值得借鉴学习的地方。总的来说明清档案中所记载的有关政治、经济、法律、军事等方面的内容折射出了国家社会的发展变化轨迹,占据了独一无二不可复制的地位,沈兼士领导的明清档案整理工作在结合了我国原有的档案整理实践经验的基础上,汲取国外的先进的档案整理思想,创新了档案整理的原则,制定了档案分类的方法,规范了档案编目的格式,在这一时期的明清档案整理工作中取得了较大的突破与贡献。
[Abstract]:With the change of political power in the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of precious archives of the Ming and Qing dynasties were left behind, which were sold to the Beijing Xidan Tongmao Paper Store by the Beiyang government on the grounds of financial embarrassment, and Luo Zhenyu paid for the repurchase of this part of the file. Ask someone to organize the library building in Tianjin. After Shen Jianshi, director of the Department of Chinese Studies at Peking University, learned about the files, he and Ma Heng and others asked Cai Yuanpei for instructions, and eventually classified the files as collated by the Department of Chinese Studies at the Institute of Chinese Studies at Peking University. Shen Jianshi led the Chinese Studies Department and the Department of History, the Chinese language Department staff to form the Qing Dynasty cabinet big library archives collation committee, archives collation committee collective consultation to formulate the Peking University archives collation method. The National Studies Department of Peking University Institute is the first relatively professional research institution to organize archives in modern China. For the first time, the Sinology Department combines the functions of archives collation with the provision and utilization of archives. Most of the first archivists in modern China were trained in this period. Through the work of the Archives sorting Committee, Shen Jianshi, Chen Yuan, Zhu Xizu, etc., led the archival sorting Committee to systematically sort out the remaining cabinet archives left over from the "8,000 sacks" incident. It has contributed to the development of archives in modern China. The Palace Museum document Museum is an important organization that participated in the archives arrangement of Ming and Qing dynasties. Most of them are teachers and students of Peking University Institute of Chinese Studies, such as Chen Yuan, Shen Jianshi, Shan Shiyuan and so on. Therefore, most of the archival collation methods inherited the experience in the period of Sinology, and the methods and steps were perfected on the basis of practical exploration. Shen Jianshi has some innovations and achievements in the theoretical thought, administrative thought and management thought of archives. He put forward the term "archives" earlier, paying particular attention to the compilation and publication of historical materials. We should also attach importance to the collection of relevant archives and historical materials, think that archives and archaeological objects have the same important historical status, strive to raise funds for the archival work, and propose the establishment of relevant archives organization and archives personnel system. The author puts forward that archives should follow the principle of general arrangement, respect the original order of archives at the same time, attach importance to the appraisal and preservation of archives, order the archives of all levels of government of provinces, cities and counties to be kept on the spot and not be abandoned at will. It is considered that the compilation and display of archives is as important as the arrangement and cataloguing of archives. The archival colleagues under the leadership of Shen Jianshi have also put forward the idea of archival arrangement in Ming and Qing dynasties. Fang U-sheng, Zhang Deze, Wang Mei-peer and others have made detailed analysis and explanation on the arrangement and classification of archives in the Qing Dynasty; Jiang Ting-fu, Yao Cong-wu, etc. Fu Zhenlun and others discussed the problems of archival arrangement and classification in the United States and Europe, pointed out the gap between China and foreign countries, and put forward some points for reference and study. In general, the political, economic, legal, military and other aspects recorded in the archives of the Ming and Qing dynasties reflected the development and changes of the national society and occupied a unique and inreplicable position. On the basis of combining the original practical experience of archives arrangement in China, Shen Jianshi led the archives collation work in Ming and Qing dynasties, absorbed the advanced archival arrangement thought from abroad, innovated the principle of archival arrangement, and formulated the method of archives classification. The format of file cataloguing was standardized and great breakthrough and contribution were made in the archival arrangement of Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G269.29

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