中国社会现代化转型视域中的积极公民身份培育研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 14:33

本文选题：现代化转型 + 公民　；参考：《复旦大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：当代中国在中国共产党的领导下,探索出了一条中国特色社会主义道路,其最终归宿是促进人的全面发展,建设社会主义现代化国家。党的十八大报告已明确将“实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴”确定为建设中国特色社会主义的总任务。在这场中国现代化转型的伟大征程中,人的现代化无疑是整个发展战略中最为重要的内容。现代化的人正是具有现代公民身份的人。可以说,中国人从历史上的臣民身份向现代公民身份的转化过程,就是中国社会现代化的转型过程,更是自身社会地位的提升过程。在这种背景下,足以见现代积极公民身份的构建对中国社会现代化目标的实现是必不可少的,也是每个中国人自由全面发展所不可少的。公民是一个民族国家范围内的平等的社会成员,那么,拥有“公民”这一“头衔”,具体又意味着什么?这就是公民身份理论所要解决的问题。现代国家中的公民身份主要涵盖了三种理论意蕴：首先,公民身份标志着一种身份地位。在这一层面理解公民身份主要是把公民身份当作个人在一个国家政治共同体中的成员资格。其次,公民身份意味着权利义务体系。此意是对共同体内成员之间以及成员与共同体之间关系的界定。最后,公民身份意味着参与行动。作为参与行动的公民身份,它的主要涵义是指公民身份与国家的密切相关。只有融入共同体中参与行动,通过广泛而深入地参与其中的现代生活方式和社会实践,公民才是现代意义的积极公民。要构建中国的公民身份理论,需要考察中国公民身份产生的不同途径与特征,至少有一点,中国公民身份的产生途径与西方国家相比有很大的差异性,在其内容上也有很大的特殊性。也就是说,我们需要一个关于不同历史背景中的公民身份的比较视角。中国公民身份的建构过程是与中国人民自强御侮的过程联系在一起的,正是在办洋务、维新变法、立宪等救亡图存的过程中,逐渐孕育和激发了民众的公民意识,并积累起了公民身份建构的条件。中国公民身份转型的过程也是中国由数千年的传统社会走向现代社会的过程。当前在政治法律层面上,我国的公民身份已经得到了明确的规定与确认,但由于受各种因素的影响,我国公民并没有完全在意识层面和行为层面体现其作为中国公民应有的积极作为的一面,即实践中仍旧存在着影响这一公民身份真正“名符其实”的因素。当代中国公民身份的构建需要以积极公民身份为其目标。一方面,公民要以理性的参与行为积极捍卫公民权利,履行公民义务；另一方面,又要具备强烈的忠诚意识、参与精神、公共关怀、团结协作等公民德性。积极公民身份培育围绕着公民意识、公民德性、公民精神和公民价值准则等四个维度展开。一是唤起公民意识,使人们对自身作为国家政治、经济、法律等活动主体产生心理认同与理性自觉；二是培育公民德性,使人们能凭借自己的公民品性主动参与社会政治事务、关怀社会,从而为自己和社会共同体谋取利益；三是建树公民精神,使人们实现民族认同、国家认同、政治合法性认同、社会群体和社会规范认同,在体验活动和社会实践中培养参与政治、维护权利、履行义务的能力；四是培育公民个人价值准则,使之成为内化于心的精神追求、价值自觉,并在实践中外化于行。在确定了积极公民身份培育的四大维度之后,就需要寻找具体的方法和路径去加以建构。一是要发展与完善社会组织。依靠专门的组织机构、社会团体作为积极公民身份培育的平台,这样既有利于公民参与社会生活实践的常态化、制度化,又有利于约束和规范公民的参与行为。二是建设社会主义公民文化。以良好的公民文化重点培育积极公民所需的某种精神品质。三是加强公民教育。通过公民教育把社会成员培养成为关注公共事务,关心国家和社会的发展,既有民主平等意识,又有参政议政能力的积极公民。四是引导公民参与。所有民主的意义,都只有通过公民参与才能真正实现；也只有通过参与,公民才能享受权利并真正实现权利；同样,也只有通过参与,才能履行公民义务。某种意义上说,目前公民参与社会公共生活实践的水平已经成为衡量我国社会民主化的重要标志。
[Abstract]:Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, contemporary China has explored a road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Its ultimate destination is to promote the overall development of people and to build a socialist modern country. The eighteen major reports of the party have clearly defined the "realization of socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation" as the construction of the social owners of Chinese characteristics. In the great journey of the transformation of China's modernization, the modernization of human beings is undoubtedly the most important part of the whole development strategy. The modernized man is a person with modern citizenship. It can be said that the process of the transformation of the Chinese from the historical subjects to the modern citizenship is the modernization of the Chinese society. In this context, in this context, it is essential to see that the construction of modern positive citizenship is essential to the realization of the goal of the modernization of China's society, and it is also indispensable for the free and comprehensive development of every Chinese. There are "citizenship", "title", what does it mean? This is the problem of citizenship theory. In modern countries, citizenship is mainly covered by three theoretical implications: first, citizenship is an identity status. Membership in a national political community. Secondly, citizenship means the system of rights and obligations. This is a definition of the relationship between members of the community and the relationship between the members and the community. Finally, citizenship means participation in action. As a citizen of the participation, its main meaning is the close relationship between citizenship and the state. The citizen is the active citizen of the modern sense only by participating in the community and participating in the modern life style and social practice in the community. To build the Chinese citizenship theory, we need to examine the different ways and characteristics of Chinese citizenship, at least one point, the emergence of Chinese citizenship. There are great differences in the way compared with the western countries, and there are also great particularity in their content. That is to say, we need a comparative perspective on citizenship in different historical backgrounds. The process of construction of Chinese citizenship is linked to the process of self-reliance and insult by the Chinese people, and it is the process of making westernization and changing the maintenance of Chinese citizenship. In the process of saving the nation from subjugation, such as law and constitutionalism, the citizens' consciousness of citizenship has been nurtured and stimulated, and the conditions for the construction of citizenship have been accumulated. The process of the transformation of Chinese citizenship is also the process of China's transition from the traditional society to the modern society for thousands of years. At the political and legal level, the citizenship of our country has already been recognized. But because of the influence of various factors, the citizens of our country do not fully reflect on the positive aspect of the Chinese citizens in the level of consciousness and behavior, that is, in practice, there are still factors that affect the real "worthy" of the citizenship. Positive citizenship is its goal. On the one hand, citizens should actively defend citizens' rights and fulfill civic duties with rational participation; on the other hand, they have a strong sense of loyalty, participation in spirit, public care, solidarity and cooperation, and positive citizenship, civic virtues, civic spirit and public spirit. The four dimensions, such as the standard of the people's value, are carried out. First, it arouses civic consciousness to make people have psychological identity and rational consciousness for themselves as the main body of national political, economic and legal activities. Two is to cultivate civic virtue and enable people to participate in social and political affairs and care for society by their own civic character, so that they can be shared by themselves and society. The three is to seek the benefit of the androgyny; to build the spirit of citizenship, to make people realize national identity, national identity, political legitimacy, social groups and social norms, to cultivate the ability to participate in politics, to safeguard rights and to fulfill obligations in experience and social practice, and to cultivate the personal values of citizens and to make them the essence of internalization. After the four dimensions of the cultivation of positive citizenship, we need to find concrete ways and ways to construct it. One is to develop and improve the social organization. The normalization and institutionalization of citizens' participation in social life practice helps to constrain and standardize the participation of citizens. Two it is to build a socialist civic culture. To cultivate a certain spiritual quality needed by the positive citizens with a good civic culture. Three is to strengthen civic education. The cultivation of social members through public education becomes a public concern. Affairs are concerned with the development of the state and society, with both the consciousness of democracy and equality and the active citizens of the ability to participate in political and political affairs. Four is to guide the participation of citizens. All the significance of democracy can only be truly realized through citizen participation; only through participation, citizens can enjoy rights and truly realize their rights; and only through participation, In a sense, the level of citizen participation in social public life has become an important symbol to measure the democratization of our society.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D621.5

【参考文献】