中国碳减排路径选择与对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 18:35

本文选题：碳减排 + 碳排放　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：工业革命以来，工业化生产创造出丰富的社会产品，极大地改善了人类的物质生活。在这一过程中，人类生产和生活活动对自然资源的需求与日俱增，造成以二氧化碳为主的温室气体的大量排放，并最终对地球生态环境造成了负面影响。当前，温室气体排放所造成的影响已经超越了生态环境领域，进而扩散到政治、经济、社会、资源等领域，成为影响人类生存与发展的重大现实问题。在对传统发展方式的反思中，人们逐渐意识到减少人类活动对生态环境负面影响的重要性。世界各国也开始通过各种手段努力减少温室气体排放，以减少温室效应对人类生存环境的影响。应该看到，，伴随着未来世界经济的增长，全球二氧化碳排放量将在一定时期内继续增长，加上世界各国在人口增长、资源需求、技术水平和经济发展水平等方面的差异性，减少温室气体排放、缓解生态恶化仍然任重道远。近三十多年来，中国经济保持了长期快速发展，人们生活水平明显改善，综合国力显著提高。应该看到，中国经济快速增长也带来了对自然资源的大量耗费。特别是工业生产所依赖的化石能源在燃烧后释放出大量的温室气体，对生态环境造成了严重损害。目前，中国的二氧化碳排放总量已经超过美国，位居世界首位。2009年，中国政府正式提出了2020年控制温室气体排放的行动目标，并实施相关政策措施，推动经济增长方式转变，促进经济、社会和环境的协调发展。目前，我国正处于工业化中期阶段，资源环境约束日益趋紧，合理选择碳减排路径、实现碳减排目标将对我国经济转型和可持续发展产生重要影响。论文首先介绍了本文研究的背景、理论现实意义、主要内容和研究方法，并对相关文献做理论回顾，主要围绕低碳经济理论、经济增长理论和碳排放测算等领域进行综述。其次，论文分析了中国碳排放的现状与影响因素，碳排放的现状主要包括总的碳排放量、近年趋势、主要碳源以及主要影响因素，包括经济增长、人口增长等，并从资源、环境、经济三个角度分析了中国碳减排的必要性。然后，文章针对碳减排与经济增长的关系进行了理论与实证研究，指出碳减排对经济增长的作用和影响。再次，文章从产业结构视角、碳汇视角、消费视角分析了中国碳减排的路径。同时，对美国、欧洲等发达国家碳减排方案进行了对比分析，并指出可供中国碳减排借鉴的相关经验借鉴。最后，基于中国碳减排的主要政策工具与相关措施，论文综合前述减排路径的特点给出了有效推进中国碳减排的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution, the industrial production has created a rich social product and greatly improved the human material life. In this process, the demand of human production and living activities to natural resources is increasing day by day, resulting in a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions based on carbon dioxide, and eventually has a negative impact on the ecological environment of the earth. At present, the effects of greenhouse gas emissions have gone beyond the ecological environment, and then spread to the political, economic, social and resource fields, which have become a major problem that affects human survival and development. In the reflection of the traditional way of development, people gradually realize the importance of reducing the negative impact of human activities on the ecological environment. The world has also begun to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by various means to reduce the impact of the greenhouse effect on the human environment. It should be seen that with the growth of the world economy in the future, the global carbon dioxide emissions will continue to grow in a certain period, coupled with the population growth, the resource demand, the technical level and the economy of all countries in the world. There is still a long way to go to reduce the difference in the level of economic development, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate ecological deterioration.
In the past thirty years, China's economy has maintained a long and rapid development, people's living standard has improved obviously, and the comprehensive national strength has been greatly improved. It should be seen that the rapid economic growth of China has also brought a great deal of consumption of natural resources. Especially, the fossil energy dependent on the industrial production has released a large amount of greenhouse gases after burning, and the ecological environment is on the ecological environment. At present, China's total carbon dioxide emissions have exceeded the United States, the first.2009 year in the world, the Chinese government formally proposed the action targets for controlling greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, and the implementation of relevant policies and measures to promote the transformation of economic growth mode and promote the coordinated development of economy, society and the environment. In the middle stage of industrialization, the constraints of resources and environment are increasingly tightened, the rational choice of carbon emission reduction path and the realization of carbon emission reduction targets will have an important impact on China's economic transformation and sustainable development.
The paper first introduces the background, the theoretical significance, the main content and the research methods, and reviews the relevant literature, mainly focusing on the low carbon economy theory, the economic growth theory and the carbon emission measurement and other fields. Secondly, the paper analyzes the current situation and influencing factors of carbon emissions in China, and the main current situation of carbon emissions. Including the total carbon emissions, the trend in recent years, the main carbon sources and the main factors, including economic growth and population growth, and from three perspectives of resources, environment and economy, the necessity of carbon emission reduction in China is analyzed. Then, the relationship between carbon emission reduction and economic growth is studied theoretically and empirically, and the economic growth of carbon emission reduction is pointed out. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the path of carbon emission reduction in China from the perspective of industrial structure, carbon sequestration and consumption, and compares the carbon emission reduction schemes of the developed countries such as the United States and Europe, and points out the related experiences that can be used for reference in China's carbon emission reduction. Finally, the main policies and tools based on China's carbon emission reduction are made. Based on the characteristics of the aforementioned emission reduction paths, the paper gives some suggestions on how to effectively promote carbon emission reduction in China.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X321

【参考文献】