我国农村养老保险法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 19:38

本文选题：农村 + 养老保险　；参考：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：儒家经典《礼记》中记载到:"大道之行也,天下为公,选贤与能,讲信修睦。故人不独亲其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,鳏、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养"。这句耳熟能详的诗句算得上是我国最早记录社会保障和养老思想的论述了,可见古人对于养老制度的构建是充满智慧和期待的。从古至今,我国历来重视民生福祉。党的十八大明确要求:各级党委和政府应该不断加强社会建设,着力保障和改善民生,不断创新社会管理方式,这样才能保证社会的和谐稳定。保障和改善民生是一项十分重要的基础性工程,在这个过程中,应该充分了解广大人民群众的疾苦和需求,解决广大人民群众最关心和最直接的现实问题,让广大人民群众享受到改革和发展带来的成果。老有所养是每一个人的最好的归宿和愿望,也是政府责任和社会责任的重要体现。从整体上来看,我国是一个农业大国,农民的整体数量很多。改革开放以来,特别是近年来,随着城市化进程的不断加快,很多的农村劳动力为了获得更好的就业机会纷纷来到城市打工,留守老人和儿童不断增加,这就使得土地养老的功能大大降低。此外,随着农村老年人数量的不断增加,农村养老成为了一个迫切需要解决的现实问题。由于历史和现实的因素,我国的社会养老保险制度并没有涵盖广大的农民,这样不仅造成了城乡发展不平衡,也没有充分体现出我国改革开放的红利惠及广大的农民。因此,笔者认为我国应该建立完善的农村社会养老保险法律制度,颁布更多相关的法律法规,并在此基础上提出了完善相关法律体系的建议。本文结构共分为四个部分:在第一部分中,笔者重点对养老保险的定义和特点进行了阐述,对我国农村养老保险制度进行了介绍,从政治学、经济学、法学角度对养老保险制度的相关理论进行了阐述,其目的就是对我国农村养老保险制度有一个整体的了解。笔者在第二部分中对农村养老保险法律体系进行了介绍,深刻揭示了法律制度在立法和执法过程中产生的问题,从多个角度对产生这些问题的原因进行了重点的阐述和分析。笔者在第三部分中对国外的三种十分具有代表性的农村养老保险法律制度模式进行了介绍,结合我国的实际情况对国外先进的经验和做法进行总结。笔者在第四部分中,重点对如何完善我国农村养老保险法律制度进行了论述,不仅从立法和执法角度进行了详细的分析,同时还从制度健全等方面提出了一些十分具有建设性的完善农村养老保险法律制度的建议和措施。
[Abstract]:The Confucian Classical Book of Rites records: "when Great Way was carried out, the world was common to all." Old people not only kiss their relatives, not only their son, so that the old have a final, strong and useful, young have a director, widowed, lonely, alone, the sick have to support. This familiar poem is the earliest record of social security and old-age thoughts in China, it shows that the ancients were full of wisdom and expectation for the construction of the old-age system. Since ancient times, our country has always attached importance to the well-being of the people's livelihood. The party committee and government at all levels should constantly strengthen social construction, strive to ensure and improve the people's livelihood, and constantly innovate the way of social management in order to ensure social harmony and stability. Safeguarding and improving people's livelihood is a very important basic project. In this process, we should fully understand the sufferings and needs of the broad masses of the people, and solve the most concerned and immediate practical problems of the broad masses of the people. Let the masses enjoy the fruits of reform and development. The sense of security is everyone's best home and wish, and also the important embodiment of government responsibility and social responsibility. Overall, China is a large agricultural country, the overall number of farmers a lot. Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, with the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, many rural labor forces have come to the city to work in order to obtain better employment opportunities, and the number of left-behind old people and children has been increasing. This makes the function of land endowment greatly reduced. In addition, with the increasing number of rural elderly, rural old-age care has become an urgent need to solve the reality of the problem. Because of the historical and realistic factors, the social old-age insurance system of our country does not cover the vast number of farmers, which not only causes the imbalance of urban and rural development, but also does not fully reflect the dividend of reform and opening to the outside world to benefit the majority of farmers. Therefore, the author thinks that our country should establish the perfect legal system of rural social endowment insurance, promulgate more relevant laws and regulations, and put forward the suggestion of perfecting the relevant legal system on this basis. The structure of this paper is divided into four parts: in the first part, the author focuses on the definition and characteristics of the old-age insurance, and introduces the rural old-age insurance system in China, from political science, economics, The related theory of endowment insurance system is expounded from the angle of law, and its purpose is to have an overall understanding of the rural endowment insurance system in our country. In the second part, the author introduces the legal system of rural old-age insurance, deeply reveals the problems in the process of legislation and enforcement of the law system, and expounds and analyzes the causes of these problems from many angles. In the third part, the author introduces three kinds of representative rural old-age insurance legal system models abroad, and summarizes the advanced experience and practice of foreign countries according to the actual situation of our country. In the fourth part, the author focuses on how to improve the legal system of rural old-age insurance in China, not only from the perspective of legislation and law enforcement for a detailed analysis. At the same time, some constructive suggestions and measures are put forward to perfect the legal system of rural old-age insurance.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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