兰州市农地边际化现象诊断研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 06:49

本文选题：农地边际化 + 土地利用　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代初以来，从东向西我国农地利用不断显露出粗放利用的现象，例如集约度降低、农作物播种面积减少以及复种指数降低。在2003年，我国农业税费降低，减轻了农民的负担，直至2006年我国农业税的取消，都能够在一定程度上提高中西部地区的农地集约度。为了揭示农地利用发生的这些变化的规律，，文本从土地利用/土地覆被变化研究角度，采用经济学的边际分析法，通过对近二十年兰州市农地利用变化过程中纯收益、集约度、播种面积等变化的研究，在初步构建农地边际化相关理论的基础上，对农地边际化问题的发展过程、农户行为响应模式等内容进行研究，并提出了提高农地利用收益，减轻农地利用负面影响的农地制度改革举措。研究表明：（1）农地边际化是社会、政治、经济、自然等多种因素共同驱动的过程，是在当前土地利用与社会经济结构下，农地不再能够具有经济生产能力的过程，其本质农地利用过程中的纯收益小于或者等于零的情况。农地边际化可以分为低端边际化和高端边际化两种类型。农地边际化诊断的三大指标分别是农地利用纯收益指标、集约度指标和播种面积指标。当农地利用纯收益小于零，而在之后的利用过程中发现其集约度明显下降、播种面积缩小、弃耕撂荒等变化，我们就能够判断农地利用发生了边际化现象。（2）二十多年来，兰州市出现过一次较严重的农地边际化现象，两次农地边际化迹象。1990年-1992年、2004年-2005年农地边际化迹象持续时间短，农地边际化特征不明显，后期好转趋势明显。而在，1995年-2002年出现的农地边际化现象持续时间长，影响范围广。（3）目前农户的行为响应主要有变更农地利用类型、改变农地利用方式、加速农地非农化进程、减少成本投入、缩小农作物播种面积、弃耕撂荒等模式。（4）政策启示：①在农地边际化规律作用日益加强的情况下，那些土地质量较差、区位不好的耕地应当退出农地的范围；②减负增收政策只能在一定程度上缓解和推迟农地边际化现象，但不能消除农地边际化现象，因此，需要各级政府从土地利用制度层面作出更为积极的响应；③扶持生态农业发展，促进农地资源可持续利用。政府可以进行中低产田改造，保持水土；发展绿色农业科技；完善农产品质量认证体系，使优质产品在市场上具有竞争力，从而增加从事生态农业的农户收益。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of 1990s, the use of agricultural land in China from east to west has shown the phenomenon of extensive utilization, such as the decrease of intensive degree, the decrease of crop planting area and the decrease of multiple cropping index. In 2003, agricultural taxes and fees were reduced in China, which lightened the burden on farmers. Until the abolition of agricultural tax in 2006, the agricultural land intensity in the central and western regions could be improved to a certain extent. In order to reveal the law of these changes in farmland use, the text, from the perspective of land use / land cover change, adopts the marginal analysis method of economics, through the analysis of net income and intensity in the process of land use change in Lanzhou in the last 20 years. On the basis of constructing the theory of farmland marginalization, the paper studies the development process of farmland marginalization and the response mode of farmers' behavior, and puts forward to improve the benefit of farmland utilization. Rural land system reform measures to mitigate the negative impact of farmland use. Research shows that: (1) the marginalization of agricultural land is a process driven by social, political, economic, natural and other factors. It is a process in which agricultural land is no longer able to have economic productive capacity under the current land use and socio-economic structure. In essence, the net income in the process of farmland utilization is less than or equal to zero. Farmland marginalization can be divided into two types: low-end marginalization and high-end marginalization. The three indexes of farmland marginalization diagnosis are the net income index of farmland utilization, the index of intensity degree and the index of sowing area. When the net income of farmland utilization is less than zero, and the intensity of farmland is obviously decreased, the sowing area is reduced, and the abandoned farmland is abandoned, we can judge the marginal phenomenon of farmland utilization. 2) in the past twenty years, there has been a serious phenomenon of farmland marginalization in Lanzhou City, and there have been two signs of farmland marginalization. The signs of farmland marginalization from 1990 to 1992 and from 2004 to 2005 are short, the characteristics of farmland marginalization are not obvious, and the trend of improvement is obvious in the later stage. In 1995-2002, the phenomenon of farmland marginalization lasted for a long time and affected a wide range. 3) at present, the behavior response of farmers mainly includes changing the type of farmland utilization, changing the mode of farmland utilization, speeding up the process of agricultural land non-agriculture, reducing the cost input, reducing the planting area of crops, abandoning cultivated land, and so on. (4) Policy revelation: 1 in the case of the increasing role of the law of the marginalization of agricultural land, those cultivated land with poor land quality and poor location should withdraw from the scope of agricultural land; (2) the policy of reducing burden and increasing income can only alleviate and delay the phenomenon of farmland marginalization to a certain extent, but it cannot eliminate the phenomenon of agricultural land marginalization. Therefore, governments at all levels need to make a more positive response from the level of land use system; (3) supporting the development of ecological agriculture and promoting the sustainable utilization of agricultural land resources. The government can reform the middle and low yield fields, conserve soil and water, develop green agricultural science and technology, perfect the quality certification system of agricultural products, make high quality products competitive in the market, and increase the income of farmers engaged in ecological agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F301.2

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