美国应对“冲绳问题”的方式研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 06:45

本文选题：美国 + 日本　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：二战后,美国为了实现其全球战略,在世界各地建立了军事基地。其中,冲绳是东亚地区最重要的军事基地之一。战时,美国通过“冲绳之战”实现了对冲绳的军事占领,1951年又通过《对日和平条约》使自己在冲绳的统治权力合法化。然而,自此之后,美国的军事统治与日渐觉醒的冲绳人民之间不断发生冲突,“冲绳问题”产生并不断扩大。为了确保对冲绳基地的控制权,美国在不同时期采取了不同的应对之策,试图以满足冲绳人民经济要求而遏制或消弭其政治要求。最终,随着国际局势的变化以及冲绳内部发生的变化,美国不得已放弃在冲绳的直接统治权,转而谋求最大化的自由使用权。正文共分四部分:第一部分论述“冲绳问题”的产生,着眼于冲绳的战略价值、冲绳与日本本土的关系以及美国对冲绳的占领和冲绳法律地位的确定。第二部分梳理典型的军事统治时期“冲绳问题”的特点及美国的应对之策。彼时,冲绳复归运动初起,美国极力遏制并强制征用当地人的土地,引发双方更为激烈的冲突。第三部分分析有限民主化时期美国对“冲绳问题”的应对之策。为了实现对冲绳的稳定统治,在遏制冲绳人民政治复归运动的同时,美国也采取有限的民主化措施,逐步扩大冲绳自治,同时尽可能满足冲绳人民对土地租金的要求,并扩大对冲绳的经济援助。第四部分阐明尽管美国调整了统治政策,扩大了冲绳自治,但冲绳复归运动已经无法阻挡,美国最终失去了统治权,转而谋求最大限度的自由使用权。随之,“冲绳问题”主要转向美军与当地人民之间司法方面的冲突。总之,通过上述论证,本文旨在说明:美国统治冲绳期间,与当地人民在政治、经济、司法等多方面发生冲突;为了实现对冲绳更加长久、稳固的统治,美国曾经不断的调整自己的政策,但最终失去统治权;保留了最大程度的自由使用权。然而,只要美军在冲绳继续存在,“冲绳问题”就不会消失。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the United States established military bases around the world in order to realize its global strategy. Among them, Okinawa is one of the most important military bases in East Asia. In wartime, the United States realized its military occupation of Okinawa through the "War of Okinawa", and legalized its ruling power in Okinawa through the Treaty of Peace with Japan in 1951. Since then, however, there has been a constant conflict between American military rule and the rising Okinawa people, and the Okinawa issue has been growing. In order to ensure the control of Okinawa base, the United States has adopted different countermeasures in different periods, trying to contain or eliminate its political demands in order to meet the economic demands of Okinawan people. Finally, with the changes in the international situation and the changes taking place within Okinawa, the United States had to give up its direct sovereignty over Okinawa and seek to maximize its free use right. The text is divided into four parts: the first part discusses the emergence of "Okinawa problem", focusing on the strategic value of Okinawa, the relationship between Okinawa and Japan, the occupation of Okinawa by the United States and the determination of Okinawa's legal status. The second part combs the typical characteristics of Okinawa during the period of military rule and American countermeasures. At the beginning of the Okinawa Reunification movement, the United States tried to contain and forcibly expropriate local land, triggering more fierce clashes. The third part analyzes the American countermeasures to Okinawa problem in the period of limited democratization. In order to achieve a stable rule over Okinawa, while containing the political return movement of the Okinawan people, the United States has also taken limited democratization measures to gradually expand Okinawa's autonomy and, at the same time, to meet as far as possible the demands of the Okinawan people on land rents. And expand economic aid to Okinawa. The fourth part states that although the United States has adjusted its ruling policy and expanded the autonomy of Okinawa, the Okinawa Restoration Movement has been irresistible, and the United States has finally lost the ruling power and turned to seek the maximum free use right. As a result, the Okinawa issue turned to judicial conflicts between the US military and local people. All in all, through the above argument, this paper aims to show that during the period of American rule of Okinawa, conflicts occurred with the local people in political, economic, judicial and other aspects; in order to achieve a longer and more stable rule over Okinawa, The United States has constantly adjusted its policies, but ultimately lost its dominion; retained maximum freedom of use. However, as long as the US military continues to exist in Okinawa, the Okinawa problem will not disappear.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K712.54;K313.5

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