我国地方行政层级设置优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 10:40

【摘要】：地方行政层级设置是现代国家制度建设的重要内容之一,也是地方行政管理体制的重要组成部分。自古以来,中国历朝历代中央政府对于地方行政均采取多层级设置,地方政府层级长期在二级与三级、虚级与实级间徘徊,古代中国地方政府的治理实践为我们当今优化地方政府层级设置留下了丰富的遗产。到了近代,随着资本主义民主思想的传播,地方行政层级的设置出现了与以往封建时代截然不同的变革,体现了时代的潮流和社会的进步。新中国成立后,中国共产党建立了全国范围的无产阶级专政,面对新的形势和发展目标,借鉴历史经验,创新了我国的地方行政层级设置。放眼全球进行横向比较,当今世界绝大多数国家都设有若干地方行政层级,以保证国家行政管理的有效性和稳定性。世界各国的行政层级设置受制于各国历史文化传统、国土面积大小、交通通讯等基础设施状况、人口数量及密度以及国家结构形式、经济社会体制和科技发展水平等因素。但从所考察的各国地方行政层级设置情况来看,层级较少、管理幅度较大是不同与我国的重要特点,也给我国推动地方行政层级改革提供了借鉴和思路。地方行政层级改革离不开行政区划调整,必然会增加或减少行政管辖幅度,会影响社会的方方面面和相关政区的每一个人。合理的地方行政层级设置能够有效的降低行政成本,提高管理效率,满足基层民众的政治需求,对于国家实现善治具有重要意义。当前,我国在地方上设置了“省—市—县—乡”四个行政管理层级,多于世界其他国家,在我国经济社会快速发展、市场经济体制改革的不断深化和城市化进程的不断加快的大背景之下,这种四级行政体制已渐渐不适应当前发展需要,改革当前的层级体制已成为社会的共识。本文综合运用了案例分析、比较分析、文献资料分析、规范性与规定性等研究方法,研究了政府扁平化理论、行政区与经济区关系理论、管理层级与管理幅度关系论文和治理与善治理论对于推进行政层级改革的指导性,在横向上比较了当今世界典型西方国家的行政层级设置与改革的状况,分析借鉴我国目前已有的改革案例,得出了我国在推进地方行政层级改革的总体思路、基本原则和实现路径。本文的结论是,在我国目前信息化、城市化高速发展的背景下,地方政府需要充分借鉴运用现代管理科学技术,以公共服务为导向转变政府职能,努力构建扁平化的政府层级结构,减少行政层级,不断提高行政效率,降低行政成本,满足公民需求。为此,政府需进行必要的分权和放权,引进企业化的理念,启发公民意识,培育公民社会,发展社会组织等。在实现路径上,省直管县、市直管镇改革都是我国地方行政层级改革的具体实践,并将逐步成为我国地方政府行政层级体制改革的主要内容。同时,改革中还必须注意我国国情的特殊性和历史的传承性。对于目前我国地方的省—市—县—乡四个行政层级,本文将改革的突破点放在市县级和乡镇级,就是考虑到了我国省制存在时间较长、民众认可度较高等实际情况。本文通过对目前改革案例的分析,发现目前我国行政层级改革的理论与实践的焦点主要集中在省管县改革,这是对地方广域性政府关系改革的一个突破,但是没有考虑到城市型政府层级优化改革的问题。本文提出了对市级政府的管理层级进行改革的观点,并提供了促成这一改革的实现路径,这是本文的创新之处。我国的行政层级体制改革事关重大,牵涉到国家和社会的方方面面,将会影响每一个角落和每个人,影响改革推进的因素包括政治经济、历史文化、科技、地理等多个方面,这给综合把握、驾驭分析选题带来很大的难度。
[Abstract]:The local administrative hierarchy is one of the important contents of the modern national system construction, and also an important part of the local administrative management system. Since ancient times, the central government of the successive dynasties in China has taken multi-layer settings for the local administration, the local government level has long been in the two and three levels, the virtual level and the actual level wander, and the ancient China The governance practice of the government has left a rich heritage for us to optimize the local government level setting. In modern times, with the spread of the capitalist democratic thought, the setting of local administrative levels appeared completely different from the feudal times, reflecting the trend of the times and the progress of the society. After the founding of new China, China communism was Communist. The party has established a national dictatorship of the proletariat. Facing the new situation and development goals and drawing on the historical experience, the party has innovated the local administrative level setting of our country. In order to ensure the effectiveness and stability of the State Administration, the effectiveness and stability of the State Administration are guaranteed by the horizontal comparison of the world in the vast majority of the world. The administrative hierarchy of the country is subject to the historical and cultural traditions of each country, the size of the land, the traffic and communication and other infrastructure conditions, the population and density, the state structure, the economic and social system and the level of scientific and technological development. However, in terms of the local administrative level setting of various countries, the level of management is relatively small and the scope of management is large. It is the important characteristic of different and China, and it also provides reference and ideas for China to promote the reform of local administrative level. The reform of local administrative level can not be separated from the adjustment of administrative division. It will inevitably increase or reduce the scope of administrative jurisdiction, which will affect every aspect of the society and the people in the related areas. Reasonable local administrative hierarchy can be set up. It is of great significance to reduce the administrative cost, improve the management efficiency and meet the political needs of the grass-roots people. It is of great significance for the state to achieve good governance. At present, China has set up four administrative levels of "provincial - City - County - township", more than the other countries in the world, and the rapid economic and social development of our country and the continuous reform of the market economy system. In the background of deepening and accelerating the process of urbanization, the four level administrative system has gradually not adapted to the current development needs, and the reform of the current hierarchical system has become a common understanding of the society. This paper has applied the research methods such as case analysis, comparative analysis, literature analysis, standardization and regulation, and studied the flattening of government. The theory of the relationship between the administrative region and the economic zone, the relationship between the management level and the scope of management, and the guidance of the theory of governance and good governance on the promotion of the administrative level, the situation of the administrative level setting and reform of the typical Western countries in the world is compared horizontally, and the existing reform cases in our country are analyzed, and our country has been obtained. The conclusion is that, under the background of informatization and rapid urbanization in China, the local government needs to use modern management science and technology fully for reference and change government function oriented by public service and strive to build a flat level of government level. To reduce the administrative level, improve the administrative efficiency, reduce the administrative cost and meet the needs of the citizens. Therefore, the government needs to carry out the necessary decentralization and decentralization, introduce the concept of enterprise, enlighten citizen consciousness, cultivate civil society, develop social organization and so on. In the realization path, the Provincial direct management County, the city direct town reform are all the local administrative levels of our country. The concrete practice of the reform will gradually become the main content of the administrative hierarchy system reform of the local government in our country. At the same time, we must pay attention to the particularity of the national conditions and the heritage of the history in the reform. For the four administrative levels of the provincial, city, county and township level in our country, the breakthrough point of the reform is put on the county level and the township level. Taking into account the fact that China's provincial system has a long time and a higher degree of public recognition, this paper, through the analysis of the current reform cases, finds that the focus of the theory and practice of the administrative level reform in our country is mainly focused on the reform of provincial management and county, which is a breakthrough in the reform of local wide area government relations, but it has not been considered. To the problem of optimizing the level of urban government level, this paper puts forward the view that the management level of the municipal government is reformed, and provides the way to realize the reform. This is the innovation of this article. The administrative hierarchy system reform of our country is very important, involving all aspects of the state and society, and will affect every corner. The factors that affect the reform and promotion include the political economy, history, culture, science and technology, geography and many other aspects. This brings a lot of difficulty to the comprehensive grasp and control of the analysis and selection.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630

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