非营利组织志愿者的激励问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 10:02

【摘要】：随着经济和社会的不断发展，“服务型政府”概念越来越得到普遍接受，而非营利组织也渐渐蓬勃发展，并已经成为当今社会中的一类重要团体在国家政治、经济和社会生活中扮演着愈加重要的角色，自改革开放以来，非营利组织的影响已深入到经济生活的各个方面，，在弥补社会保障、服务经济建设与道德构建等方面发挥了积极作用，同时对构建社会主义和谐社会也具有重要意义。志愿者是非营利组织的重要人力资源，是营造非营利组织竞争优势的重点，也是提升其绩效、实现非营利组织可持续发展的关键。但是，当今我国志愿服务还存在诸多困难，如相关法律制度不健全，社会保障体系不完善，内部激励机制不合理，对志愿者也没有长期系统地培训，同时还面临着资金困难。在志愿者层面也存在加入的积极性不高、加入后参与志愿活动的积极性不高，使命感不强、动机不纯等一系列亟需解决的重要问题。导致存在这一问题的主要原因，是我国在对非营利组织志愿者的激励不够科学健全。因此，亟需加强对非营利组织中的志愿者激励机制的研究，充分发挥志愿者在提升非营利组织绩效的重要作用。本文在综合阐述了相关非营利组织志愿者激励理论的基础上，深入分析现阶段我国非营利组织志愿者激励现状，从政府干预、经费筹集、社会认知、培训以及绩效考核机制等方面探析现存问题的原因，同时借鉴国外非营利志愿者组织中志愿者激励措施的经验基础上，从非营利组织外部、非营利组织内部和志愿者自身三个不同层面提出了非营利组织志愿者激励的建议，以求达成提升非营利组织绩效的目的。主要体现在：一是健全政策法规、完善津贴补助机制、健全社会监督机制、加强宣传报道、筹集经费方面；二是采取灵活多样的内部激励措施，完善教育培训机制，同时规范志愿者管理体制；三是引导志愿者自身确立合适目标，加强自我情绪控制，同时加强自我评估，提升综合素质。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the concept of "service-oriented government" has been more and more accepted, and non-profit organizations have developed rapidly, and have become an important group in national politics. Economic and social life plays an increasingly important role. Since the reform and opening up, the influence of non-profit organizations has penetrated into all aspects of economic life, making up for social security. It plays a positive role in the construction of service economy and morality, and also plays an important role in building a harmonious socialist society. Volunteer is an important human resource of non-profit organization, it is the key to build the competitive advantage of non-profit organization, and also the key to improve its performance and realize the sustainable development of non-profit organization. However, there are still many difficulties in volunteer service in our country, such as imperfect legal system, imperfect social security system, unreasonable internal incentive mechanism, lack of systematic training for volunteers for a long time, and at the same time facing financial difficulties. At the level of volunteers, there are a series of important problems that need to be solved, such as the low enthusiasm to join, the low enthusiasm to participate in voluntary activities after joining, the weak sense of mission, the impure motivation and so on. The main reason for this problem is that the motivation of non-profit organization volunteers in our country is not scientific and sound. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the research on the incentive mechanism of volunteers in non-profit organizations, and give full play to the important role of volunteers in improving the performance of non-profit organizations. On the basis of expounding the motivation theory of volunteers in relevant non-profit organizations, this paper deeply analyzes the current situation of volunteer incentive in NPOs in China, which includes government intervention, fund raising, social cognition, etc. This paper explores the reasons of the existing problems in the aspects of training and performance appraisal mechanism, and draws lessons from the experience of volunteer incentives in foreign non-profit volunteer organizations, from the outside of non-profit organizations. In order to achieve the purpose of improving the performance of non-profit organizations, three different levels of non-profit organizations and volunteers themselves put forward suggestions on the motivation of volunteers in non-profit organizations. Mainly reflected in: first, perfect policies and regulations, perfect subsidy mechanism, perfect social supervision mechanism, strengthen publicity and report, raise funds; second, adopt flexible and diverse internal incentives, improve education and training mechanism, At the same time, the volunteer management system should be standardized. Thirdly, the volunteers should be guided to establish appropriate goals, strengthen their self-control of emotion, strengthen their self-evaluation and improve their comprehensive quality.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.9

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