唐代乐舞审美功能研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 17:29

【摘要】：大唐帝国政治稳定开明,经济繁荣发达,民族间的文化交流频繁,为乐舞的发展提供了丰厚的土壤,其宗庙祭祀活动的雅乐和新创作的堂上坐部伎和堂下立部伎,阳刚的健舞,阴柔的软舞以及踏歌都极为盛行。乐舞在唐代国家政治生活、宗教活动、社会交往和文化交流中发挥了重要的作用,成为从宫廷到市井,从皇帝贵戚、文人士大夫到普通百姓日常生活中重要的情感表达和娱乐方式,发挥了其他艺术不能替代的审美和文化功能。对于唐代乐舞的审美功能,本文主要从以下四个方面加以探讨：首先,“乐与政通”,乐舞反映着一个国家的政治、经济、文化等各个方面,因此,“乐”是古代政治活动中的重要因素。唐朝在前代的基础上继承和发展了礼乐制度,制定了“大唐雅乐”,用于宗庙祭祀,朝会大典等场合。唐代帝王经常用文舞和武舞来歌功颂德,通过赏赐朝臣音乐来笼络人心达到治政目的。唐朝各种典礼中乐器、乐人的使用情况有严格规定,以显示其皇家的威严,至高无上的权力,巩固其政治统治。同时,乐舞以其审美和道德内涵也发挥了净化人心、移风易俗,即礼乐教化的作用。其次,宗教与艺术在精神目标上多有相通,唐代乐舞对于佛教和道教精神内核的传播发挥了重要作用。各个宗教活动中都有自己的乐舞,有些舞蹈本身就具有宗教性,唐代乐舞重要的审美功能就是参与宗教活动,传播宗教的教义,用动人心魄的艺术形式激发虔诚、庄敬、神圣、美妙的宗教体验,表达宗教天上人间幻化的意境。再次,唐人对乐舞功能的看法发生了很大的变化,他们打破了传统儒家乐与政通的观念,乐舞艺术的政治功能逐渐弱化,而审美娱乐功能更加凸显。唐代乐舞审美欣赏和娱乐的功能大大增强,这也激发了唐人的艺术创造力。这个时期出现的各种歌舞大曲作品,都具有较强的群众性和娱乐性,成为普通人日常生活中传情达意的重要手段和市井乡村节庆民俗中不可或缺的表演形式。最后,乐舞艺术的审美享受不分民族、地域,虽然各民族间语言和生活习惯有很大的差异,但是对乐舞艺术的欣赏具有共性,是相互融通的。因此,唐代乐舞成为西域文化向中原传播的桥梁,它也在向域外的传播中成为各民族间文化交流融合的重要载体。在现代与后现代交织的今天,人们希望优秀的艺术在我们生活中发挥重要的作用,研究唐代乐舞的审美与文化功能,对于我们今天探讨艺术的功能具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The political stability of the Tang Dynasty was stable and enlightened, the economy was prosperous and developed, and the cultural exchanges among nationalities were frequent, which provided a rich soil for the development of music and dance. Soft and soft dances and treads are very popular. Music and dance played an important role in national political life, religious activities, social exchanges and cultural exchanges in the Tang Dynasty. Literati and officials to ordinary people in the daily life of the important emotional expression and entertainment, played other arts can not be replaced by the aesthetic and cultural functions. The aesthetic function of music and dance in Tang Dynasty is mainly discussed from the following four aspects: firstly, "Music and political communication", music and dance reflect the political, economic, cultural and other aspects of a country, so, Music is an important factor in ancient political activities. The Tang Dynasty inherited and developed the system of rites and music on the basis of the previous dynasties. Tang Dynasty emperors often use literary dance and martial arts dance to sing praise, through giving courtiers music to win over the people to achieve the goal of governance. The use of musical instruments and musicians in various ceremonies of the Tang Dynasty was strictly regulated to show the majesty and supremacy of the royal family and to consolidate its political rule. At the same time, music and dance with its aesthetic and moral connotations also play a role in purifying people and changing customs, that is, ritual and music education. Secondly, religion and art have the same spirit goal, Tang Dynasty music and dance played an important role in the spread of the spiritual core of Buddhism and Taoism. Each religious activity has its own music and dance, some of which are religious in nature. The important aesthetic function of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty is to participate in religious activities, spread religious teachings, and inspire piety, reverence, sacredness with moving art forms. Wonderful religious experience, expressing the spiritual conception of religion. Thirdly, the views of the Tang people on the function of music and dance have changed greatly. They have broken the traditional Confucian concept of music and politics, the political function of music and dance art has gradually weakened, and the function of aesthetic entertainment has become more prominent. Tang Dynasty music and dance aesthetic appreciation and entertainment function greatly enhanced, which also inspired the artistic creativity of Tang people. All kinds of songs and dances in this period have strong mass and entertainment, and become an important means of conveying feelings in ordinary people's daily life and an indispensable form of performance in the folk customs of city and village festivals. Finally, the aesthetic enjoyment of music and dance art regardless of nationality, region, although there are great differences in language and living habits among different nationalities, but the appreciation of music and dance art has a common character and is mutually compatible. Therefore, the music and dance of Tang Dynasty became the bridge between the Western region culture and the Central Plains, and it also became the important carrier of the cultural exchange and fusion among the ethnic groups. Today, when modern and post-modern are intertwined, people hope that outstanding art will play an important role in our life and study the aesthetic and cultural functions of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty. For us to explore the function of art today has a certain theoretical value and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：J722.4

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