大雅之成—仿宋字体的演变发展研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 17:02

【摘要】：仿宋字体是20世纪初新旧印刷技术交汇中出现的一款印刷字体,它笔画粗细大致均匀,起笔收笔顿挫明显,字形秀美,既有楷体书写的柔和之感,又有宋体的规范硬挺,是中国“四大印刷字体”之一。本文从设计史的角度,结合政治、经济、文化、技术等各方因素,对仿宋字体的起源、发展及现状进行全面地探讨,力求得出较为客观、全面的仿宋字体演变发展脉络。杭州丁氏兄弟创制的“聚珍仿宋”是第一款仿宋字体。它以宋代刻本字体为底基,但并非对宋刻本的单纯复刻,而是后者在印刷技术的要求下,复合现代美学因素与设计模式,对前者的发展与创新。这一款带有古典风雅之感的字体在创制之初便以其独特的美感征服了诸多文人墨客。西方带来的技术革新、仿宋刻本潮流、民国时期特殊的社会环境、上海印刷业的地域性特点、爱国主义风潮、丁氏兄弟的家学传承,这一系列因素的交融使聚珍仿宋字体的出现成为了历史的必然。聚珍仿宋的成功使得民国各印刷机构争相模仿,最终形成了一股仿宋风潮。在中国铅火时代,印刷出版机构是字体设计的主体之一,民国时期的私营印刷机构、建国后的三厂一所都为仿宋字体的发展、改良与推广做出了卓绝的贡献。同一时期,手写仿宋字也被广泛地应用于工程图纸、油印等领域。在步入计算机时代后,虽有一些计算机仿宋字体被开发应用,但使用面窄、样式单一、优秀设计少、电脑显示效果差都是仿宋字体面临的问题。究其根源,排版方式由民国时期纵向排版向现代横向排版的转变,仿宋字体笔画细斜在电脑屏幕显示下的不足,以及未形成以仿宋为主要阅读字体的阅读习惯等,都是仿宋字体面临目前窘境的原因。相较于宋体、楷体,仿宋是一款非常年轻的字体,它出现甚至不足百年。但其以古典雅致的笔画与结构特征,使宋刻本字体的风韵得到了良好的传承。同时,它的发展历史是中国现代字体设计发展历史的缩影,也是研究汉字字体设计的重要一环。如何使仿宋这一块蒙尘的瑰宝重新焕发出它的光彩与魅力,值得我们去研究与探索的。
[Abstract]:The imitation Song font is a kind of print font that appeared in the intersection of the new and old printing techniques in the early 20th century. Its strokes are roughly uniform in thickness, the strokes in the beginning of the pen have a sharp cadence, and the font is beautiful in shape. It has both the soft feeling of writing in italics and the firmness of the norms of the Song style. It is one of the four big print fonts in China. This paper, from the angle of design history, combines politics, economy, culture, technology and other factors, to probe into the origin, development and present situation of the imitation Song font in an all-round way, in order to obtain a more objective and comprehensive evolution and development vein of the imitation Song font. Hangzhou Ding brothers created the "Jizhen imitation Song" is the first imitation Song font. It is based on the engraved font of the Song Dynasty, but it is not a simple reetch of the engraved version of the Song Dynasty, but the latter, under the requirements of printing technology, combines modern aesthetic factors and design patterns, and develops and innovates the former. This style with classical elegance in the creation of the original with its unique aesthetic sense to conquer a number of literati. The technological innovation brought by the West, the trend of imitating the Song Dynasty, the special social environment during the Republic of China, the regional characteristics of the Shanghai printing industry, the patriotic trend, and the inheritance of the Ding brothers' family studies. The combination of this series of factors makes the appearance of Jizhen imitation Song font become a historical necessity. The success of Jizhen imitating Song Dynasty made the printing organizations of the Republic of China scramble to imitate each other, and finally formed a trend of imitation of Song Dynasty. In the lead-fire era in China, printing and publishing institutions were one of the main body of font design. The private printing institutions in the Republic of China and the three factories and one school after the founding of the people's Republic of China all made great contributions to the development, improvement and promotion of imitation and Song fonts. At the same time, handwritten imitation of Song characters has been widely used in engineering drawings, mimeograph and other fields. After entering the computer era, some computer imitating Song fonts have been developed and applied, but the problems faced by them are narrow use, single style, few excellent design and poor computer display effect. The root causes are the change of typesetting from vertical typesetting to modern horizontal typesetting in the period of the Republic of China, the deficiency of the fine slanting of strokes in the computer screen, and the failure to form the reading habits in which the main reading fonts are imitated in Song Dynasty, and so on. All of them are the reason for the difficult situation faced by the imitation of the Song font. Compared with the Song style, italics, imitation Song is a very young font, it appeared for less than a hundred years. However, its classical elegant strokes and structural characteristics, so that Song engraved font charm has been a good inheritance. At the same time, its development history is the epitome of the development history of Chinese modern font design, and it is also an important link in the study of Chinese character font design. It is worth studying and exploring how to make this dusty treasure of Song Dynasty shine its luster and charm again.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：J524

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