酒与两汉社会

发布时间：2018-10-23 12:34

【摘要】：两汉时期,国家统一,社会安定,经济繁荣,这一时期是中华民族政治制度与风俗礼制形成、定型的关键时期。随着封建土地制度的确立,两汉农业迅速发展,粮食产量增加,刺激酿酒业的繁荣。饮酒之风盛行,酿酒业发展迅速,无论是酿酒技术、饮酒器具,还是酒的经营与管理,较之先秦时期都有了很大的发展。以致“通邑大都,酤一岁千酿”。作为汉代手工业部门之一,酿酒规模主要有宫营、私营和家庭自酿。正所谓“酒者,天之美禄,帝王所以颐养天年,享祀祈福,扶衰养疾。百里之会,非酒不行”。酒已然渗透到社会生活的方方面面,成为皇室、贵族、普通百姓,甚至少数民族日常生活中不可缺少的一部分。宴饮时常伴有歌舞、行酒令、饮酒赋诗等活动以助兴。汉代饮酒礼俗在继承以前的基础上进一步发展。首先,在祭祀活动中充当重要角色,可以说“逢祭必有酒”,人们通过用酒食等美味敬献神灵及祖先,以获得他们的保护。其次,叔孙通制定宫廷礼仪,规定在举行宴饮活动时,要遵守一定的礼仪。饮酒座次、饮酒步骤及饮酒顺序等方面都有严格要求。明帝时,初行“养老礼”,这是对乡饮酒礼的继承与发展。汉代的饮酒礼俗反映汉代尊卑有序,亲疏有别的传统观念。各个时期,政府对酒的管理政策不尽相同,两汉时期的酒政主要有禁酒、榷酒与税酒,三者既有联系,也相互区别,实行的原因及达到的效果各异。酒在两汉时期几乎渗透到社会的各个领域,包括政治、经济、军事、艺术、思想文化等方面,酒文化在两汉时期已经初步形成完善而系统的体系,对后世影响深远。
[Abstract]:During the Han Dynasty, national unity, social stability, economic prosperity, this period is the political system and customs of the Chinese nation formed and finalized the key period. With the establishment of feudal land system, the agriculture of the Han Dynasty developed rapidly and grain production increased, stimulating the prosperity of the wine industry. The prevalence of drinking and the rapid development of the wine industry, whether it is wine technology, drinking utensils, or wine management and management, compared with the pre-Qin period has a great development. As a result, "Tongyi most, a year-old thousand-year-old wine." As one of the handicraft departments in the Han Dynasty, the scale of wine-making is mainly Miyangying, private and home-brewed. The so-called "wine, the United States, emperors so the summer, pray for happiness, support the decline of disease." A hundred miles' meeting will not do without wine. " Wine has permeated all aspects of social life, becoming an indispensable part of the daily life of royalty, aristocrat, ordinary people and even ethnic minorities. Banquets are often accompanied by singing and dancing, alcohol, poetry and other activities to help. The drinking ceremony and custom of Han Dynasty were further developed on the basis of inheritance. First of all, to play an important role in the sacrificial activities, we can say that "every sacrifice must have wine", people through the use of wine and food and other delicious offerings of gods and ancestors to obtain their protection. Secondly, Shisun Tong formulated court etiquette, stipulated that when holding banquets, must abide by certain etiquette. Drinking seating, drinking steps and drinking order have strict requirements. Ming emperor, the first practice of "pension ceremony", this is the inheritance and development of rural drinking ceremony. The drinking manners and customs of Han Dynasty reflect the order of order and other traditional ideas. During each period, the government's policies on wine management are different. During the Han Dynasty, there were mainly prohibition of alcohol, discussion of wine and tax wine, the three are not only related, but also different from each other, the reasons for implementation and the effects achieved are different. Wine almost permeated every field of society in the Han Dynasty, including politics, economy, military, art, ideology and culture, etc. In the Han Dynasty, wine culture had formed a perfect and systematic system, which had far-reaching influence on later generations.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TS971;K234

【共引文献】