《人民日报》和《南方周末》对PX项目风险建构的比较

发布时间：2018-11-04 14:11

【摘要】：现代化和工业化将人类从自然界和传统的束缚中解放出来，然而却让人类再次陷入困境。经济发展、社会进步除了给人类带来财富，还给人类带来了风险。风险不同于其他危机，它由人类一手酝酿，，并给人类带来广泛的、长久的威胁。PX项目风险，是众多环境风险中的一例，却在最近的7年里一次又一次地制造恐慌。从厦门“散步”开始，南京、大连、宁波、咸阳、成都、昆明、茂名等地均先后爆发了抵制PX事件,“PX剧毒论”、“PX距离论”等谣言蛊惑试听，充斥街头巷尾。人们闻PX脸变色，动辄爆发群体事件。PX项目风险问题在传播的作用下，已从一个单纯的环境问题演变为一个复杂的政治、经济、社会、文化问题。作为官方话语代表的《人民日报》和作为公民话语代表的《南方周末》对PX项目风险的建构都发挥着举足轻重的作用，它们是怎样对PX项目进行媒介建构的？各自具有什么特点？两者存在那些共性和差异？研究这些问题将有助于我们厘清PX“魔咒”令人惶恐不安的表象，探究风险传播的本质。本文将综合运用风险社会学的相关理论和新闻框架理论，对二者做框架分析和对比分析。通过框架分析和对比分析，本研究发现两者均关注PX项目风险议题，视角变化均明显，都具有丰富的风险信息源，都有完整的叙事结构，均运用了丰富的修辞手法。然而两者报道视角、信源结构、叙事侧重点、风险归因、提出的风险调控手段存在明显差异。通过剖析这些异同的形成原因，本研究发现了4个值得进一步思考的问题：政治和经济压力使传媒出现“普遍赞同”；制造恐惧是大众媒体赢得关注的手段；媒介环境话语体现权力较量；环境修辞是最有力量的环境话语。
[Abstract]:Modernization and industrialization liberate mankind from the bondage of nature and tradition. Economic development and social progress not only bring wealth to human beings, but also bring risks to human beings. Unlike other crises, risk is brewed by humans and poses widespread, long-term threats. The PX project risk, one of many environmental risks, has created panic again and again in the last seven years. From the beginning of "walking" in Xiamen, Nanjing, Dalian, Ningbo, Xianyang, Chengdu, Kunming, Maoming and other places all broke out the PX incident successively, "PX extremely toxic theory", "PX distance theory" and so on rumour bewitching, filled the streets and lanes. PX project risk has changed from a simple environmental problem to a complex political, economic, social and cultural problem. People's Daily, as the representative of official discourse, and Southern weekend, as the representative of civil discourse, play an important role in the construction of PX project risk. How do they construct the PX project by media? What are their characteristics? What are the similarities and differences between the two? Studying these questions will help us to clarify the frightening appearance of the PX spell and explore the nature of risk transmission. In this paper, risk sociology theory and news frame theory are used to make frame analysis and comparative analysis. Through frame analysis and comparative analysis, it is found that both of them are concerned about the issue of PX project risk, with obvious changes in visual angle, rich risk information sources, complete narrative structure and rich rhetoric. However, there are obvious differences between the two reporting perspectives, information source structure, narrative focus, risk attribution, and the proposed means of risk regulation. By analyzing the causes of these similarities and differences, this study finds four problems that deserve further consideration: political and economic pressure makes the media "generally agree", fear is the means of mass media to gain attention; Media environmental discourse embodies power contest, and environmental rhetoric is the most powerful environmental discourse.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G210

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