民国时期十三世达赖喇嘛新设机构研究
发布时间：2018-11-05 16:55
【摘要】：民国时期,内地政局动荡,西藏地方政治概莫能外,十三世达赖喇嘛自1913年起发布了诸多文告和命令,开始在西藏实行“新政”,推出了政治、经济、军事、教育、社会服务等多方面的革故鼎新政策措施。十三世达赖喇嘛在西藏进行的“新政”虽是为抵御和防范外敌入侵,巩固政教合一政权的改革,但它从客观上促进了西藏政治、经济、文化和社会的发展,使西藏实现了向近代化社会的转型。为了更有效地在西藏推行这些“新政”措施,噶厦先后成立了一些新设机构。如：藏军司令部、扎西电机厂、盐茶局、农务局、医药历算局、军粮局、公款稽核局、征粮收税检查局、马牌调查局、邮政局、电报电话局、银行、外事局等,而原西藏地方政府机构,是在创立甘丹颇章政权后,为适应其政治、经济、军事等各方面的发展而逐步完善起来的。但新政的推出,从政体方面看,西藏自此开始改变了噶厦传统政权组织形式。新机构的设置,使西藏地方职官制度有了不同程度的改变。新设机构的增加体现出顺应时代潮流的进步性,可以看作是西藏地方体制近代化的开端。本文分为三章来介绍、分析新设机构的若干问题。第一章,笔者分析新设机构成立前的国内外背景和西藏地方所处的特殊形势,以期能够了解十三世达赖喇嘛在“新政”中设立这些机构的必要性和这些机构产生的必然性。第二章,笔者详尽介绍各个新设机构的成立年代,辨析部分机构成立年代,总结了这些机构具有的特点。同时还对这些新设机构之间的关系以及原有机构孜康和译仓与这些新设机构的关系做了简单辨析。第三章,笔者从新设机构的发展和影响出发,分析了对“新政”产生了重大影响的部分机构,以及由此造成西藏社会的上层贵族之间矛盾的原因等。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, the political situation in the interior was turbulent, and the local politics of Tibet was no exception. Since 1913, the 13th Dalai Lama has issued many proclamations and orders, and began to implement the "New deal" in Tibet, introducing politics, economy, military, and education. Social services and other aspects of the reform of the old policy measures. Although the "New deal" carried out by the 13th Dalai Lama in Tibet aimed at resisting and preventing foreign enemies from invading and consolidating the regime of political and religious unity, it objectively promoted the political, economic, cultural and social development of Tibet. Tibet has been transformed to a modern society. In order to implement these New deal measures more effectively in Tibet, Gaxia has set up some new institutions one after another. For example: Tibetan Army headquarters, Zaxi Electric Machinery Factory, Salt and Tea Bureau, Agricultural Affairs Bureau, Medical Calendar Bureau, military Grain Bureau, Public funds Audit Bureau, Grain Collection and tax Inspection Bureau, Ma Bureau of investigation, Post Office, Telegraph and telephone Bureau, Bank, Foreign Affairs Bureau, etc. The former Tibetan local government institutions were gradually perfected to adapt to the political, economic, military and other aspects of development after the establishment of Gandan Po-chang regime. But the introduction of the New deal, from the regime point of view, Tibet has since changed the traditional form of political power in Kaxia. The establishment of the new organization has changed the local official system in Tibet to varying degrees. The increase of the new institutions reflects the progress in keeping with the trend of the times and can be regarded as the beginning of the modernization of the local system in Tibet. This paper is divided into three chapters to introduce and analyze some problems of the new mechanism. In the first chapter, the author analyzes the background at home and abroad before the establishment of the new institution and the special situation in Tibet in order to understand the necessity of the establishment of these institutions by the 13th Dalai Lama in the "New deal" and the inevitability of the establishment of these institutions. In the second chapter, the author introduces in detail the founding years of each new institution, discriminates and analyzes some of the institutions' founding years, and summarizes the characteristics of these institutions. At the same time, the relationship between these new institutions and the relationship between the existing institutions and the new ones is also analyzed. In the third chapter, from the perspective of the development and influence of the new institution, the author analyzes some institutions which have great influence on the "New deal", and the causes of the contradiction between the upper class of the Tibetan society and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D693
本文编号：2312706
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, the political situation in the interior was turbulent, and the local politics of Tibet was no exception. Since 1913, the 13th Dalai Lama has issued many proclamations and orders, and began to implement the "New deal" in Tibet, introducing politics, economy, military, and education. Social services and other aspects of the reform of the old policy measures. Although the "New deal" carried out by the 13th Dalai Lama in Tibet aimed at resisting and preventing foreign enemies from invading and consolidating the regime of political and religious unity, it objectively promoted the political, economic, cultural and social development of Tibet. Tibet has been transformed to a modern society. In order to implement these New deal measures more effectively in Tibet, Gaxia has set up some new institutions one after another. For example: Tibetan Army headquarters, Zaxi Electric Machinery Factory, Salt and Tea Bureau, Agricultural Affairs Bureau, Medical Calendar Bureau, military Grain Bureau, Public funds Audit Bureau, Grain Collection and tax Inspection Bureau, Ma Bureau of investigation, Post Office, Telegraph and telephone Bureau, Bank, Foreign Affairs Bureau, etc. The former Tibetan local government institutions were gradually perfected to adapt to the political, economic, military and other aspects of development after the establishment of Gandan Po-chang regime. But the introduction of the New deal, from the regime point of view, Tibet has since changed the traditional form of political power in Kaxia. The establishment of the new organization has changed the local official system in Tibet to varying degrees. The increase of the new institutions reflects the progress in keeping with the trend of the times and can be regarded as the beginning of the modernization of the local system in Tibet. This paper is divided into three chapters to introduce and analyze some problems of the new mechanism. In the first chapter, the author analyzes the background at home and abroad before the establishment of the new institution and the special situation in Tibet in order to understand the necessity of the establishment of these institutions by the 13th Dalai Lama in the "New deal" and the inevitability of the establishment of these institutions. In the second chapter, the author introduces in detail the founding years of each new institution, discriminates and analyzes some of the institutions' founding years, and summarizes the characteristics of these institutions. At the same time, the relationship between these new institutions and the relationship between the existing institutions and the new ones is also analyzed. In the third chapter, from the perspective of the development and influence of the new institution, the author analyzes some institutions which have great influence on the "New deal", and the causes of the contradiction between the upper class of the Tibetan society and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D693
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