生存的泥淖—论贾平凹长篇小说中知识分子的困境现象
发布时间：2018-11-12 09:58
【摘要】：80年代以来,中国政治、经济、社会、思想各个领域都发生了剧烈变化,社会转型时期的种种阵痛蔓延到每个人身上,尤其在知识分子身上。面对商品主义、物欲盛行、信仰崩溃和价值观多元化的社会现实,知识分子茫然无措,无从适应,陷入生存的泥淖。本文以80年代以来贾平凹长篇小说中的知识分子形象为例,通过对他们生活状态和精神面貌的观察,发现他们普遍面临着精神上漂泊无依、事业上无果而终、感情上无处寄托的生存困境和精神危机,也产生着强烈的空虚、迷茫、困惑情绪。这些困境的原因,一方面来源于知识分子自身。专业化使他们埋头于专职的象牙塔,与现实生活脱节,不再具有社会责任感和公共关怀精神；边缘化使他们丧失话语权,在与政治和民众的对话中屡屡失败,自我价值难以实现；城居化使他们不再返乡,产生对乡村社会和农村事务的疏离和不适感；理想化使他们耽溺于精神的“乌托邦”,而在现实的残酷打击下遭遇个体失败和价值毁灭。另一方面则来源于贾平凹的审美观念和创作局限。强烈的苦难、忧患和悲剧意识,使得他在创作中习惯于对失败和残缺的抒写,加上哲学和理性思维不足、小农意识浓厚和缺乏独立精神,贾平凹对知识分子形象的理解和把握很难突破自己的思维局限,他很难将知识分子导向一个更加开阔和更富可能性的未来,而只能任其陷落在生活的泥淖当中。如何重建知识分子的立足点,让他们逃离生存困境,争取到自身合理性价值,本文也将从重建知识、道德和信心三方面进行探讨。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China's political, economic, social and ideological fields have undergone drastic changes, and various pains in the period of social transformation have spread to everyone, especially intellectuals. Faced with the social reality of commodity doctrine, materialistic desire, belief collapse and diversity of values, intellectuals are at a loss to adapt and fall into the quagmire of survival. Taking the image of intellectuals in Jia Pingao's novels since the 1980s as an example, through the observation of their living state and mental outlook, it is found that they are generally faced with spiritual drift and failure in their career. The existence dilemma and spiritual crisis with nowhere to bear on emotion also produce strong emptiness, confusion and perplexity. The reasons for these difficulties, on the one hand, come from the intellectuals themselves. The specialization causes them to immerse in the full-time ivory tower, disconnects with the real life, no longer has the social responsibility and the public concern spirit; Marginalization makes them lose their right to speak, fail frequently in their dialogue with the political and public, and make their self-worth difficult to realize, while city-dwelling causes them not to return to their hometown, resulting in a sense of alienation and discomfort about rural society and rural affairs. Idealization causes them to indulge in the utopia of the spirit and encounter individual failure and value destruction under the cruel attack of reality. On the other hand, it comes from Jia Pingao's aesthetic concept and creative limitations. His intense suffering, and tragic consciousness made him accustomed to writing about failure and disability, coupled with a lack of philosophical and rational thinking, a strong awareness of smallholder farmers and a lack of independence. Jia Pingao's understanding and grasp of the image of intellectuals is difficult to break through his own thinking limitations, he can hardly lead intellectuals to a more open and more likely future, and he can only let them fall into the quagmire of life. How to rebuild the foothold of intellectuals, let them escape from the predicament of existence and gain their own rational value, this paper will also discuss from the reconstruction of knowledge, morality and confidence.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I207.42
本文编号：2326777
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China's political, economic, social and ideological fields have undergone drastic changes, and various pains in the period of social transformation have spread to everyone, especially intellectuals. Faced with the social reality of commodity doctrine, materialistic desire, belief collapse and diversity of values, intellectuals are at a loss to adapt and fall into the quagmire of survival. Taking the image of intellectuals in Jia Pingao's novels since the 1980s as an example, through the observation of their living state and mental outlook, it is found that they are generally faced with spiritual drift and failure in their career. The existence dilemma and spiritual crisis with nowhere to bear on emotion also produce strong emptiness, confusion and perplexity. The reasons for these difficulties, on the one hand, come from the intellectuals themselves. The specialization causes them to immerse in the full-time ivory tower, disconnects with the real life, no longer has the social responsibility and the public concern spirit; Marginalization makes them lose their right to speak, fail frequently in their dialogue with the political and public, and make their self-worth difficult to realize, while city-dwelling causes them not to return to their hometown, resulting in a sense of alienation and discomfort about rural society and rural affairs. Idealization causes them to indulge in the utopia of the spirit and encounter individual failure and value destruction under the cruel attack of reality. On the other hand, it comes from Jia Pingao's aesthetic concept and creative limitations. His intense suffering, and tragic consciousness made him accustomed to writing about failure and disability, coupled with a lack of philosophical and rational thinking, a strong awareness of smallholder farmers and a lack of independence. Jia Pingao's understanding and grasp of the image of intellectuals is difficult to break through his own thinking limitations, he can hardly lead intellectuals to a more open and more likely future, and he can only let them fall into the quagmire of life. How to rebuild the foothold of intellectuals, let them escape from the predicament of existence and gain their own rational value, this paper will also discuss from the reconstruction of knowledge, morality and confidence.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I207.42
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相关期刊论文 前2条
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