深圳市新一轮土地管理制度改革探索研究
发布时间：2018-11-12 11:40
【摘要】：建立和完善与生产力发展要求相适应的土地制度,是制度变迁的重要内容和社会演化发展的主要推力。土地制度是我国最基础的政治经济制度,土地制度的变迁问题无论是过去、现在还是将来都是经济发展的核心问题,事关我国经济社会发展全局。当前,我国面临的土地问题十分复杂,既有农业社会的土地问题,也有转型利会和城市社会的土地问题。总体来看,现有土地管理制度符合我国国情特点,但是与经济社会发展和现代市场经济体制建设还存在不少不适应之处,亟待推进新一轮土地管理制度改革。党的十八大尤其是十八届三中全会以来,中央一系列重要会议对土地管理制度改革指明了方向,提出了明确要求。党的十八大报告部署了优化国土空间开发格局等四大任务。十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中关于土地管理制度的改革内容,触及了现行土地利用和管理制度中的诸多核心问题,指明了未来我国土地制度改革的基本方向、趋势和突破口。中央经济工作会议、城镇化工作会议和农村工作会议,先后对土地管理制度改革进行了更明确的部署和安排。国内外学者也围绕我国土地管理制度改革对土地产权、市场化方向、改革土地财政、城乡土地二元制度和改革农地征用制度等问题进行了研究。诞生于上个世纪70年代的制度变迁理论,揭示了制度在经济发展中的重要作用,对于考察中国土地管理制度的改革创新有着重要理论意义。本文以制度变迁理论为研究的理论基础,简要回顾了建国以来土地制度变迁过程和深圳在土地管理制度改革方面的探索历程,指出现行土地管理制度为深圳城市发展做出了巨大贡献,促进了工业化、城市化、现代化的快速发展。但是,也逐步暴露出与城市发展不相适应的深层次矛盾,如不进行新一轮系统改革,构建与生产力发展相适应的土地管理制度,将难以支撑深圳后30年的城市发展。2012年5月,由国土资源部、广东省人民政府主办,深圳市委、市政府承办的深圳市土地管理制度改革综合试点正式启动,要求深圳在探索土地配置市场化、土地利用高效化和土地管理法制化等方面积累新经验,探索新路子。这是事隔20多年后,深圳历史上第二次在土地管理制度方面的改革,也被称为新中国第三次土改试验的尝试。所谓新一轮土改就是赋予深圳在土地管理制度上“先行先试”的权利,以“产权明晰、市场配置、节约集约、科学调控”为土地管理制度改革原则,围绕完善国有土地产权制度、深化土地资源市场化配置、创新土地资产资本运作机制、创新土地二次开发利用机制等方面开展试点,涉及八大改革重点和二十个改革事项,将探索建立高度城市化地区土地利用和管理新模式,推动土地资源配置市场化、土地利用高效化和土地管理的法制化。本文介绍了新一轮土改的总体思路、改革的范围和领域、实施安排、主要举措及成效情况,提出新一轮土改实施两年来虽然在创新土地二次开发机制、创新土地市场化配置、创新土地调控方式等方面进行了诸多探索并取得了较好的成效,但是也面临着改革顶层设计亟需完善、土地产权制度纷繁复杂、土地二次尹发机制有待创新、土地资源配置机制有待加强、闲置用地处置推进缓慢、土地科学管控力度有待加强、土地管理法律法规体系建设滞后等问题。基于以上问题产生的原因,笔者在学习制度变迁理论知识的基础上,结合深圳市新一轮土地改革的情况,对下一步如何深化改革提出了完善改革顶层设计、系统谋划改革实施工作,加强土地产权制度改革、完善土地产权管理制度,优化土地二次开发机制、实现土地资源利益共享,深化土地有偿使用制度改革、健全土地资源配置市场化机制,加大闲置土地处呈力度、盘活城市存量土地资源,提高科学调控水平、完善政府土地管理方式,健全三地管理法律体系,构建良好法制环境的对策建议。
[Abstract]:The establishment and perfection of the land system which is compatible with the requirements of the development of the productive forces is the important content of the institutional change and the main thrust of the development of the social evolution. The land system is the most basic political and economic system in our country, and the change of the land system is the core of the economic development in the past, present and in the future, which is about the overall economic and social development of our country. At present, the land problem facing our country is very complex, not only the land problem of the agricultural society, but also the land problem of the transformation and the city society. As a whole, the existing land management system is in accordance with the national conditions of our country, but there are many unsuitable places in the construction of the economic and social development and the modern market economic system, and a new round of land management system reform is urgently needed to be promoted. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the central series of important meetings have pointed out the direction for the reform of the land management system, and made clear requirements. The 18-year report of the party has deployed four tasks, such as the optimization of the land and space development pattern. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, on the reform of the land management system, touched on the core problems in the existing land use and management system, and pointed out the basic direction of the reform of the land system in the future. The trend and the breakthrough. The central economic work conference, the urbanization work conference and the rural work conference have made a more clear deployment and arrangement of the land management system reform. The domestic and foreign scholars have also studied the land property right, the market-oriented direction, the reform of the land finance, the urban and rural land binary system and the reform of the land acquisition system around the land management system reform in our country. The system transition theory, which was born in the 1970s, revealed the important role of the system in the development of economy, and it is of great theoretical significance to study the reform and innovation of the land management system in China. Based on the theory of institutional change, this paper briefly reviews the process of land system change since the founding of the People's Republic of China and the exploration of Shenzhen's reform of land management system, and points out that the current land management system has made a great contribution to the development of the city, and promoted the industrialization. The rapid development of urbanization and modernization. However, the deep-rooted contradiction with the development of the city is also gradually exposed, such as the absence of a new round of system reform, the construction of the land management system adapted to the development of the productivity, which will be difficult to support the 30-year urban development in Shenzhen. In May 2012, the Ministry of Land and Resources, The People's Government of Guangdong Province, sponsored by the People's Government of Guangdong Province, the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government, the Shenzhen land management system reform comprehensive pilot officially launched, and asked Shenzhen to accumulate new experience in the exploration of the market of land allocation, the high-efficiency of land use and the legalization of land management, and to explore new ways. After more than 20 years, the second time in the history of Shenzhen in the land management system reform, also known as the new China's third land reform experiment. The so-called new round of land reform is to give Shenzhen the right to 鈥淟et's try first.鈥，
本文编号：2327008
[Abstract]:The establishment and perfection of the land system which is compatible with the requirements of the development of the productive forces is the important content of the institutional change and the main thrust of the development of the social evolution. The land system is the most basic political and economic system in our country, and the change of the land system is the core of the economic development in the past, present and in the future, which is about the overall economic and social development of our country. At present, the land problem facing our country is very complex, not only the land problem of the agricultural society, but also the land problem of the transformation and the city society. As a whole, the existing land management system is in accordance with the national conditions of our country, but there are many unsuitable places in the construction of the economic and social development and the modern market economic system, and a new round of land management system reform is urgently needed to be promoted. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the central series of important meetings have pointed out the direction for the reform of the land management system, and made clear requirements. The 18-year report of the party has deployed four tasks, such as the optimization of the land and space development pattern. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, on the reform of the land management system, touched on the core problems in the existing land use and management system, and pointed out the basic direction of the reform of the land system in the future. The trend and the breakthrough. The central economic work conference, the urbanization work conference and the rural work conference have made a more clear deployment and arrangement of the land management system reform. The domestic and foreign scholars have also studied the land property right, the market-oriented direction, the reform of the land finance, the urban and rural land binary system and the reform of the land acquisition system around the land management system reform in our country. The system transition theory, which was born in the 1970s, revealed the important role of the system in the development of economy, and it is of great theoretical significance to study the reform and innovation of the land management system in China. Based on the theory of institutional change, this paper briefly reviews the process of land system change since the founding of the People's Republic of China and the exploration of Shenzhen's reform of land management system, and points out that the current land management system has made a great contribution to the development of the city, and promoted the industrialization. The rapid development of urbanization and modernization. However, the deep-rooted contradiction with the development of the city is also gradually exposed, such as the absence of a new round of system reform, the construction of the land management system adapted to the development of the productivity, which will be difficult to support the 30-year urban development in Shenzhen. In May 2012, the Ministry of Land and Resources, The People's Government of Guangdong Province, sponsored by the People's Government of Guangdong Province, the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government, the Shenzhen land management system reform comprehensive pilot officially launched, and asked Shenzhen to accumulate new experience in the exploration of the market of land allocation, the high-efficiency of land use and the legalization of land management, and to explore new ways. After more than 20 years, the second time in the history of Shenzhen in the land management system reform, also known as the new China's third land reform experiment. The so-called new round of land reform is to give Shenzhen the right to 鈥淟et's try first.鈥，
本文编号：2327008
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