基于现代免疫技术的纺织品文物微痕迹检测研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 10:45

【摘要】：纺织品是中国几千年文明的重要佐证,它们品种丰富,风格多样,是非常宝贵的文化遗产。研究古代纺织品对于研究中国古代政治、经济和文化都有着重要的意义。丝绸作为纺织品文物的主体之一,一直是中华民族的骄傲。在整个人类历史中,因东西方文明交流而兴起的丝绸之路,对于推动整个人类文明的进程,有着不可磨灭的作用。然而,丝绸的起源问题一直笼罩在迷雾中。如何利用科学的手段确定丝绸源自中国,具有十分重要的历史和文化价值。丝绸的的主要成分为丝素蛋白,受外界的水、热、氧气、微生物等环境因素的影响,丝素蛋白会发生变性和老化降解。不难想象,在漫长的历史长河中,当年埋入墓葬或者遗址中的丝绸早已经失去原有的形貌,降解成肽段或者氨基酸,肉眼无法识别,且年代越早的证据越难寻觅。因此,采用自然科学的手段,构建丝织品微痕检测体系,从从印痕、残留物、土壤中提取古代纺织品的信息,对于研究纺织品文明是非常必要的。本课题首次采用免疫检测技术对丝织品文物以及模拟泥化丝织品进行了检测,主要包括酶联免疫技术(ELISA)、免疫荧光显微技术(IFM)、胶体金免疫层析试纸技术(GICS)、时间分辨免疫荧光层析试纸技术(TICS)。作为体系的扩展,本课题进一步采用ELISA对羊毛文物、模拟泥化羊毛文物进行了检测,这为后期探索其它织物的免疫检测提供了可能性。首先,采用氯化钙体系提取丝素蛋白,以丝素蛋白作为完全抗原免疫新西兰兔,制备出特异性的兔抗丝素蛋白抗体。采用ELISA、GICS、TICS对丝素蛋白粉进行检测,灵敏度分别为0.1 ng/ml,1.5μg/ml,32.26 ng/ml;分别采用ELISA、GICS、TICS对宋墓和楚墓的丝织品文物进行检测,均呈现出了阳性结果。分别采用ELISA、GICS、TICS对模拟泥化丝织品进行检测,灵敏度为100 ng/ml,10μg/ml,1μg/ml,此时丝素蛋白在土样中的比例为0.001%,0.1%,0.01%。采用氢氧化钠/双氧水体系提取角蛋白,采用角蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备出兔抗角蛋白抗体。采用ELISA对角蛋白进行灵敏度检测,灵敏度为10 ng/ml。分别对四种毛类文物样进行检测,达到了预期的结果。采用ELISA对模拟泥化羊毛织物进行检测,灵敏度为1μg/ml,此时,角蛋白在土样中的比例为0.01%。综上研究,本课题建立了古代纺织品文物的提取和免疫鉴定技术体系。这一技术的建立,不仅填补了古代纺织品蛋白类材料鉴定领域的空白,也为丝绸的起源问题提供了一种新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:Textiles are important evidence of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. They are rich in variety and diverse in style and are very valuable cultural heritage. The study of ancient textiles is of great significance to the study of ancient Chinese politics, economy and culture. As one of the main body of textile cultural relics, silk has always been the pride of the Chinese nation. In the whole human history, the Silk Road, which arose from the exchange of eastern and western civilizations, plays an indelible role in promoting the whole process of human civilization. However, the origin of silk has been shrouded in fog. How to use scientific means to determine that silk originated in China has very important historical and cultural value. Silk fibroin is mainly composed of silk fibroin, which is denatured and degraded by environmental factors such as water, heat, oxygen, microorganism and so on. It is not hard to imagine that in the long history, silk buried in tombs or ruins has already lost its original morphology, decomposing into peptides or amino acids, which the naked eye cannot recognize, and the earlier evidence is harder to find. Therefore, it is necessary for the study of textile civilization to construct a micro-mark detection system of silk fabric by natural science to extract the information of ancient textiles from imprint, residue and soil. For the first time, immunoassay technology was used to detect silk relics and silky silks, including enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), immunofluorescence microscopy (ELISA), colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICS), and colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICS),). Time resolved immunofluorescence chromatographic test paper technique (TICS). As an extension of the system, ELISA was used to detect the wool relics, which provided the possibility for the later exploration of the immune detection of other fabrics. Firstly, silk fibroin was extracted by calcium chloride system and then immunized with silk fibroin as complete antigen to prepare rabbit anti-fibroin antibody. ELISA,GICS,TICS was used to detect fibroin protein powder. The sensitivity was 0. 1 ng/ml,1.5 / ml ~ (-1) 路ml ~ (-2) ng/ml;, respectively. ELISA,GICS,TICS was used to detect the silk relics of Song Tomb and Chu Tomb, and both showed positive results. The sensitivity was 100 ng/ml,10 / ml ~ (-1) 渭 g 路ml ~ (-1), and the ratio of silk fibroin in soil samples was 0.001% and 0.1%, respectively. Keratin was extracted by sodium hydroxide / hydrogen peroxide system, and rabbit anti-keratin antibody was prepared by immunizing New Zealand rabbits with keratin. The sensitivity of keratin was detected by ELISA, and the sensitivity was 10 ng/ml.. Four kinds of wool cultural relic samples were tested and the expected results were achieved. The sensitivity of ELISA was 1 渭 g / ml, and the proportion of keratin in soil sample was 0.01g / ml. On the basis of the above research, the technology system of extraction and immunological identification of ancient textile relics has been established. The establishment of this technology not only fills up the blank in the field of identification of ancient textile protein materials, but also provides a new way of thinking and method for the origin of silk.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TS107

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