孔子与亚里士多德体育思想比较研究

发布时间：2019-03-19 08:57

【摘要】：体育思想是人们对体育本质及其规律的认识，是一定历史条件下社会、政治、经济、教育的产物。美国佛蒙特大学哈维兰教授在1984年版的《当代人类学》中称：“思想不是可见的行为，而是人们用以解释经验和导致行为并为行为所反映的价值观和信仰。”东西方体育思想的形成与发展，既有相似的社会背景，也有不同的表现形态。将东方圣人孔子与西方科学先驱亚里士多德的体育思想进行跨时空比较，不仅可以了解中西方体育思想的历史，也是体育发展的客观需要。虽然不同的政治、经济、文化背景所形成的体育思想存在诸多差别，但其中必然也包含诸多共性的内容。此外，只有通过比较，方可寻找体育思想的发展规律，然后相互借鉴、取长补短，进而在孔子与亚里士多德体育思想比较研究中获取有利于我国体育发展的启示。体育思想的逐步发展与完善是其自身必然的选择，而完成这种选择较为重要举措之一就是对著名人物的体育思想进行研究，所以对孔子与亚里士多德体育思想进行比较研究的主要任务，就是从那些大量的零星、分散、无序的经验知识及理论知识中归纳出体育思想在圣人思想中的发展逻辑，进而建构完整的体育思想理论体系，为最后的“解释和超越直接的体育思想经验”提供一种恰当的理念。因此，作者从时代与环境、对象与内容、方法与理念和目的与目标四个方面对孔子与亚里士多德体育思想进行比较研究。认为“道德礼乐仁”是孔子体育思想的核心理念，而“科学实证理”则是亚里士多德体育思想的理论基础。他们两人的体育思想各有不同的侧重点，针对当代体育思想的发展认识，认为“和谐创造论”是融合他们二人体育思想的关键。借助“和谐创造论”进行融合后，，对当代体育思想大有裨益，主要表现在以下四个方面：有利于丰富体育思想内容；有利于促进体育思想交流；有利于推动体育思想发展；有利于建构体育思想体系。通过对孔子与亚里士多德体育思想研究后发现，对两种具有代表性文化的体育思想进行比较与交流，不仅是一次道德与理性的碰撞，也是一次人文与科学的融合。立足于当代体育思想的发展，根据孔子与亚里士多德体育思想对当代的启示，提出四点建议：首先，是要凸显体育教育作用及价值；然后，要重视体育基础学科的发展；其次，是注重体育道德观念的培养；最后，是培养终身体育锻炼的习惯。而四点建议的由来是孔子与亚里士多德体育思想融合后一以贯之的结果！
[Abstract]:Sports thought is people's understanding of the essence and law of sports, and is the product of society, politics, economy and education under certain historical conditions. In the 1984 edition of Contemporary Anthropology, Professor Havilland of the University of Vermont said: "ideas are not visible acts, but values and beliefs that people use to explain experience and lead to behavior and to be reflected in it." The formation and development of Eastern and Western sports thoughts have not only similar social background, but also different forms of expression. Comparing the sports thoughts of Confucius, the eastern sage and Aristotle, the scientific pioneer of the West, can not only understand the history of Chinese and Western sports thoughts, but also be the objective need for the development of sports. Although there are many differences in sports thoughts formed by different political, economic and cultural backgrounds, they must also contain many common contents. In addition, only through the comparison, can we find the development law of sports thought, then draw lessons from each other, learn from each other, and obtain the enlightenment which is beneficial to the development of sports in our country in the comparative study of Confucius' and Aristotle's sports thoughts. The gradual development and perfection of sports thought is its own inevitable choice, and one of the more important measures to complete this choice is to study the sports thought of famous people. Therefore, the main task of the comparative study of Confucius and Aristotle's sports thoughts is to sum up the logic of the development of sports thoughts in saints' thoughts from a large number of scattered, scattered and disordered empirical and theoretical knowledge. Then a complete theoretical system of physical education thought is constructed to provide an appropriate idea for the final explanation and transcendence of direct sports ideological experience. Therefore, the author makes a comparative study of Confucius' and Aristotle's sports thoughts from four aspects: time and environment, object and content, method and idea, and purpose and goal. It is believed that "moral etiquette and benevolence" is the core idea of Confucius' sports thought, and "scientific practice" is the theoretical basis of Aristotle's sports thought. According to the development of contemporary sports thought, the author thinks that "harmonious creation theory" is the key to the fusion of their sports thoughts. With the help of the theory of harmonious creation, it is of great benefit to the contemporary sports thought, mainly in the following four aspects: it is beneficial to enrich the content of sports thought, to promote the exchange of sports thought, to promote the development of sports thought and to promote the development of sports thought. It is beneficial to construct sports thought system. After studying the sports thoughts of Confucius and Aristotle, it is found that the comparison and exchange between the two kinds of sports thoughts with representative culture is not only a collision between morality and reason, but also a fusion of humanity and science. Based on the development of contemporary sports thoughts, according to the enlightenment of Confucius and Aristotle, four suggestions are put forward: first, to highlight the role and value of physical education; secondly, to attach importance to the development of sports basic disciplines; Secondly, pay attention to the cultivation of sports moral concept; finally, cultivate the habit of lifelong physical exercise. The origin of the four suggestions is the result of the integration of Confucius and Aristotle's sports thoughts.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G80

【参考文献】