19世纪英国女权运动女性自我意识研究
发布时间：2019-04-08 20:29
【摘要】：19世纪的英国处在一个历史转折时期,这一时期的主旋律可以用一个字来概括,即“变”。无论是政治、经济、文化还是思想领域都发生着翻天覆地的变化。英国在进入父权制社会以后,女性便一直受到男性统治者的压迫,女性自我意识便逐渐被隐藏在女性的内心深处。然而,伴随着启蒙运动思想传来以后,英国女性深受启发,自我意识开始觉醒,并指导英国妇女开展选举权运动。运动的开展需要一定的思想理论来指导。启蒙运动所带来的天赋人权、自由、平等思想是女性自我意识萌发的“天然胎盘”。英国女性吸收启蒙思想家所倡导的男女两性拥有相同的理性思维,女性低下的社会地位是男性主流社会所造成的等思想。因此,19世纪英国女性首次有意识的主动向男权社会提出挑战,要求在符合男性社会制定的标准下,拥有和男性相同的权利和待遇,这即是女性对公正的要求。伴随着女性的挑战,男权社会给予严厉的批判。他们为了抵制女性的种种要求,反复强调男女的性别差异,男性在各个方面都是优于女性的,所以女性应该服从于男性。然而伴随着运动的开展,女性恰巧利用男性的这一说法,认为男女的性别差异是存在的,不再像以前一样刻意否认男女之间的差异。强调女性区别于男性的特征正是男性所无法取代的,进而提出了妇女“本质论”思想。这一思想,是女性基于自身特质所提出来的,是将女性的政治要求掩盖在了利益的面纱之下。到了19世纪末,新自由主义思想的盛行,为女性自我意识的提升提供了思想基础。部分与整体思想认为女性是国家的一部分,对国家的建设起到不可替代的作用。英国政府采取国家干预经济的手段,插手卫生、教育、济贫等领域的事物,这些服务性行业更需要女性群体为国家出力。在运动开展的过程中,女性自我意识一直在提升和发展,经历了从对公正的要求,到妇女“本质论”的提出,再到对政治上的平等要求这一曲折发展过程。体现了女性自我意识的启蒙与发展。从抽象的利益要求,到纯粹的政治平等要求,体现了女性自我意识的提升。女性自我意识的发展对妇女选举权运动起到促进作用,而运动的进一步开展也促进女性自我意识的提升。
[Abstract]:Britain in the 19th century is at a historical turning point, and the theme of this period can be summed up in one word, that is, change. Great changes have taken place in the political, economic, cultural and ideological fields. Since Britain entered patriarchal society, women have been oppressed by male rulers, and women's self-consciousness has gradually been hidden in the heart of women. However, with the Enlightenment thought, British women were inspired, self-consciousness began to wake up, and guide British women to carry out the campaign for the right to vote. The development of the movement needs a certain ideological theory to guide. The innate human rights, freedom and equality thoughts brought by the Enlightenment are the natural placentae of women's self-consciousness. British women absorb the same rational thinking between men and women advocated by enlightening thinkers, and the low social status of women is caused by the mainstream society of men and so on. Therefore, for the first time in the 19th century, British women consciously challenged the patriarchal society, demanding that they have the same rights and treatment as men in accordance with the standards set by the male society, which is women's demand for justice. With the challenge of women, the patriarchal society gave severe criticism. In order to resist the demands of women, they repeatedly emphasize the gender differences between men and women, men are superior to women in every respect, so women should obey men. However, with the development of the movement, women happen to take advantage of men's claim that there is a gender difference between men and women and that the difference between men and women is no longer as deliberately denied as it used to be. Emphasizing that the characteristics of women are different from men are irreplaceable by men, and then put forward the thought of "essence" of women. This idea, put forward by women on the basis of their own characteristics, is to hide women's political demands under the veil of interests. By the end of the 19 ~ (th) century, the prevalence of neo-liberalism provided the ideological basis for the promotion of women's self-consciousness. Part and whole thought that women are a part of the country and play an irreplaceable role in the construction of the country. The British government intervenes in areas such as health, education and poverty relief through the state's intervention in the economy, and these service industries require women to contribute to the country. During the development of the movement, women's self-consciousness has been promoted and developed, which has experienced a tortuous development from the demand for justice, to the proposal of women's "essentialism" and to the requirement of political equality. It reflects the enlightenment and development of female self-consciousness. From abstract interest requirements to pure political equality requirements, it reflects the promotion of women's self-consciousness. The development of women's self-consciousness promotes the movement of women's right to vote, and the further development of the movement also promotes the promotion of women's self-consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561.4
本文编号：2454898
[Abstract]:Britain in the 19th century is at a historical turning point, and the theme of this period can be summed up in one word, that is, change. Great changes have taken place in the political, economic, cultural and ideological fields. Since Britain entered patriarchal society, women have been oppressed by male rulers, and women's self-consciousness has gradually been hidden in the heart of women. However, with the Enlightenment thought, British women were inspired, self-consciousness began to wake up, and guide British women to carry out the campaign for the right to vote. The development of the movement needs a certain ideological theory to guide. The innate human rights, freedom and equality thoughts brought by the Enlightenment are the natural placentae of women's self-consciousness. British women absorb the same rational thinking between men and women advocated by enlightening thinkers, and the low social status of women is caused by the mainstream society of men and so on. Therefore, for the first time in the 19th century, British women consciously challenged the patriarchal society, demanding that they have the same rights and treatment as men in accordance with the standards set by the male society, which is women's demand for justice. With the challenge of women, the patriarchal society gave severe criticism. In order to resist the demands of women, they repeatedly emphasize the gender differences between men and women, men are superior to women in every respect, so women should obey men. However, with the development of the movement, women happen to take advantage of men's claim that there is a gender difference between men and women and that the difference between men and women is no longer as deliberately denied as it used to be. Emphasizing that the characteristics of women are different from men are irreplaceable by men, and then put forward the thought of "essence" of women. This idea, put forward by women on the basis of their own characteristics, is to hide women's political demands under the veil of interests. By the end of the 19 ~ (th) century, the prevalence of neo-liberalism provided the ideological basis for the promotion of women's self-consciousness. Part and whole thought that women are a part of the country and play an irreplaceable role in the construction of the country. The British government intervenes in areas such as health, education and poverty relief through the state's intervention in the economy, and these service industries require women to contribute to the country. During the development of the movement, women's self-consciousness has been promoted and developed, which has experienced a tortuous development from the demand for justice, to the proposal of women's "essentialism" and to the requirement of political equality. It reflects the enlightenment and development of female self-consciousness. From abstract interest requirements to pure political equality requirements, it reflects the promotion of women's self-consciousness. The development of women's self-consciousness promotes the movement of women's right to vote, and the further development of the movement also promotes the promotion of women's self-consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561.4
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