基于V型作业循环的装载机动力性和经济性预测方法

发布时间：2018-01-03 06:40

本文关键词：基于V型作业循环的装载机动力性和经济性预测方法　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：轮式装载机作为工程项目中最为常见的铲土运输机械之一,在现代化建设中的作用越来越重要。作为典型的铲土运输机械,装载机兼顾行走和铲装物料,从发动机输出的功率一部分用于驱动传动系统使车辆行走,一部分用于驱动液压泵使工作装置和转向装置动作,另外剩余的约10%的功率用于驱动装载机附件。装载机在铲装作业过程中,发动机输入到液压系统的功率是由液压执行机构所受的外界负载所决定的,外界负载的影响因素诸多,负载的变化具有很大的不可预知性,这也使得发动机功率分配变得十分复杂。装载机的作业环境极其恶劣,所受的载荷复杂多变。液力变矩器的自适应性使得装载机具备了自动适应复杂路况的能力,这也使得整个传动系统变成了非线性系统。综上,轮式装载机在V型作业循环中因外界载荷的复杂性、传动系统的非线性以及发动机功率分配的时变性,使得在设计阶段从理论准确预测其整机性能极其困难,传统的装载机静态计算方法已无法满足当前的要求。论文基于轮式装载机V型作业循环,对装载机的动力性和经济性的预测方法进行了研究,主要是为了解决轮式装载机在设计阶段无法准确预测整机性能的难题,为轮式装载机的设计和优化提供理论依据。本文的主要研究内容和结论如下。(1)根据国内轮式装载机的试验标准,对某7吨装载机进行了整车性能以及液压系统的载荷谱测试。整车性能方面测试了装载机牵引性能、动力性和经济性,主要包括最大牵引力、各挡最大车速、最大爬坡、等速百公里油耗和V型铲装作业油耗等项目,特别地,测试了装载机V型铲装砂石、沙子和石料三种不同物料时整车的作业油耗,分别为385m L/次、360m L/次和395m L/次;在液压系统的载荷谱方面,测试了装载机在V型作业过程中,工作泵与转向泵的进出压力以及流量随时间变化的数据,用于发动机功率扣除无因次方程的建立。(2)对试验数据进行了处理与分析,提取工作泵和转向泵的进出口油压和流量数据,理论计算得出了装载机在V型铲装作业下液压系统功率消耗的变化曲线,并经过相应的数据处理方法,给出了装载机在V型铲装砂石、沙子和石料时发动机功率扣除无因次方程,可作为装载机动态计算预测V型铲装作业油耗的经验公式,适用于液压系统采用双泵合流技术的轮式装载机。给出了基于V型作业下的轮式装载机动力性和经济性的计算方法,特别地,提出了轮式装载机动态匹配计算方法,可以对装载机的V型作业油耗进行较准确地仿真预测以及对整车的动态牵引力进行计算,为更全面地评价装载机的作业性能提供了参考。(3)建立了装载机动力传动系统模型,对装载机的数学模型进行了程序编制,编制了装载机静态计算程序和搭建了Simulink动态仿真计算模型,并通过图形用户界面(GUI)将二者融合在一起,建立起了基于V型作业循环的装载机动力性和经济性仿真平台。基于仿真平台对装载机的各项性能进行了仿真分析,并与测试结果对比,结果表明采用文中的计算方法可以很好的得出装载机的各项性能指标,包括牵引特性、动力性以及经济性,特别的可以较准确地预测装载机的V型作业经济性,并分析了影响装载机作业经济性的影响因素。装载机动态匹配计算方法使得预测装载机的作业经济性变为了可能,这是传统的静态匹配无法做到的。基于V型作业的装载机动力性和经济性仿真平台为轮式装载机的设计与优化提供了参考。
[Abstract]:The wheel loader as the project is one of the most common earthmoving machines, becomes more and more important in the construction of modernization. As a typical earth moving machinery, loading machine both walking and shovel materials, from a part of output power of the engine is used to drive the transmission system of the vehicle to walk, a part for hydraulic drive the pump working device and steering device, in addition to about 10% of the remaining power is used for driving the loader loader accessories. Loading process on the shovel, the engine power input to the hydraulic system is composed of a hydraulic actuator by external load is decided by many factors affecting the external load, the load changes greatly the unpredictability, which also makes the engine power distribution becomes very complicated. The loader working environment is extremely bad, the load of the complex. The adaptive torque converter The loader has the automatic ability to adapt to complex road conditions, which makes the whole transmission system is a nonlinear system. In conclusion, the wheel loader in V working cycle because of the complexity of external load, transmission system and engine power allocation nonlinear time-varying, so in the design stage from theory to predict the machine the performance of the loader is extremely difficult, the traditional static calculation method has been unable to meet the current requirements. The model V wheel loader operation cycle based on the prediction method for the power and economy of loader are studied, mainly in order to solve the difficult problem of wheel loader can not accurately predict the performance in the design stage, to provide the theoretical basis for the design and optimization of wheel loader machine. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows. (1) according to the standard test of domestic wheel loader, a 7 ton The aircraft tested load vehicle performance and hydraulic system. The vehicle performance test spectrum traction performance, power and economy, including the maximum traction force, the retaining maximum speed, maximum speed climbing, 100 km fuel consumption and V type loading operation fuel and other projects, in particular, loader V type test loading shovel sand, sand and stone in three different kinds of vehicle operation fuel consumption, respectively 385m L/, 360m L/ and 395m L/; in the hydraulic system of the load spectrum, the loader in V in the process of the test, the pump and steering pump inlet pressure and flow with time varying data for the engine power to establish the dimensionless equation deduction. (2) the test data are processed and analyzed, extraction pump and steering pump import and export pressure and flow data, theoretical calculations show that the loading machine in V type shovel pretend The change curve of hydraulic system power consumption industry, and through data processing methods, gives the loader in V type shovel sand, sand and stone deduction engine power dimensionless equation, empirical formula can be used as the loader dynamic prediction model V shovel working consumption, suitable to the hydraulic system adopts wheel double pump confluence technology loader. The calculation method is presented. The operation of V type wheel loader power and economy based on particular, presents the matching calculation method for dynamic wheel loader, V type operation fuel consumption of loader to simulate accurately and dynamically on the vehicle's traction for the calculation, which provides a reference for the evaluation of the operation performance of the loader. (3) established a loader power transmission system model, the mathematical model of the loader program, compiled static loader The calculation procedure and set up the Simulink dynamic simulation model, and through the graphical user interface (GUI) will be the two together, set up the economy and power load simulation platform based on V operation cycle. The simulation platform on the performance of Loader Based on simulation analysis, and compared with the test results and the results show that the calculation method in this paper can be very good to the performance index of the loader, including traction characteristics, power and economy, can accurately predict the V operation economy of loader in particular, and analyzes the influence factors of loader economy. Calculation method of load matching the dynamic loading operation makes the prediction cost of machine to be, this is the traditional static matching can not be done. V type operation loader power and economy based on the simulation platform for wheel loading It provides a reference for the design and optimization of the carrier.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH243

【相似文献】