盘式制动尖叫噪声及制动片界面修饰降噪研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 10:43

本文关键词：盘式制动尖叫噪声及制动片界面修饰降噪研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,盘式制动器因其优越的综合性能而被广泛应用于交通运输、工业制造、风电核电、矿场油田等诸多领域的制动环节。特别是随着汽车、高铁等现代交通工具的飞速发展,在其制动过程中所产生的尖叫噪声问题日益突出,加之人们对交通工具乘坐环境舒适性要求的不断提升,制动尖叫噪声已成为车辆NVH(噪声、振动与声振粗糙度)中的一个突出问题而备受关注。然而,由于其随机性强、机理复杂和多学科交叉等特点,制动尖叫噪声一直是工程界和学术界悬而未决的难题。因此,开展制动尖叫噪声产生机制和影响因素的研究工作,并基于此进一步探索抑制制动尖叫噪声的有效方法显得尤为迫切且意义重大。本研究基于自行研制的新型摩擦制动噪声试验平台,以铜基粉末冶金制动片和锻钢制动盘作为摩擦副,在不同制动压力和接触状态条件下进行摩擦噪声对比试验以研究其对尖叫噪声特性、界面磨损特征和摩擦热的影响。根据其结果分析进一步探究抑制尖叫噪声的有效方法,对制动片开沟和倒角界面修饰后进行对比试验,并利用有限元软件ABAQUS对试验进行数值模拟仿真分析,研究不同界面修饰对摩擦系统不稳定性的影响,同时从动力学角度分析倒角修饰后系统的不稳定振动特性,深入探讨其抑制尖叫噪声的作用机理。主要结论如下:1、随着制动压力的增大,摩擦系统不稳定振动加剧,产生高强度尖叫噪声的倾向增强。制动压力对尖叫噪声的主频影响不大,但是会影响主频所具有的能量,且较大的制动压力会诱导系统产生多阶谐波响应,尖叫噪声的频率成分变得更加复杂。2、制动片前端接触时,摩擦系统产生剧烈的不稳定振动,尖叫噪声的强度和频率最高,且能量分布极不均匀;正常接触时尖叫噪声强度和频率低于前端接触,能量分布较均匀;而制动片后端接触时,摩擦系统稳定性良好,几乎没有产生尖叫噪声。制动片界面接触应力集中区域从前端向后端转移后,系统稳定性和尖叫噪声表现趋于更好。3、在本试验工况和参数条件下,不同角度的倒角修饰对抑制和改善尖叫噪声有不同程度的效果,其中15°倒角修饰抑制和改善尖叫噪声综合效果最佳,而开沟修饰对抑制和改善尖叫噪声没有明显效果。制动片倒角修饰可以改变接触应力的分布状况,并进一步影响摩擦尖叫噪声表现。4、利用ABAQUS对制动片界面修饰方案进行数值分析验证,结果表明倒角修饰后系统产生不稳定振动及尖叫噪声的时间更加滞后,且系统产生不稳定振动的倾向更弱。而开沟修饰后系统产生不稳定振动的倾向更强,且振动可能更加剧烈。5、基于制动片/盘滑动摩擦状态建立一个三自由度数学模型,深入研究接触倾角θ对系统稳定性的影响。结果表明,接触倾角θ越大,系统的不稳定振动更为剧烈,并进一步诱导尖叫噪声产生。倒角修饰后制动片与制动盘的接触倾角θ较原始状态明显减小,其系统稳定性较原始状态更好,进而能够抑制尖叫噪声。
[Abstract]:In recent years, disc brakes due to their excellent performance and is widely used in transportation, industrial manufacturing, wind power, nuclear power, brake oil field links and many other fields. Especially with the rapid development of modern transportation vehicles, high-speed rail and other problems, the squeal noise generated in the braking process have become increasingly prominent. And the people of transportation ride comfort requirements of continuous improvement, has become a vehicle brake squeal noise NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) is a prominent issue of concern. However, due to the randomness of strong, complex mechanism and multidisciplinary characteristics of brake squeal noise is always the problem in suspense engineering and academic circles. Therefore, to carry out the brake squeal noise factors generating mechanism and influence, and based on this, further explore the effective method of suppressing the brake squeal noise is Is particularly urgent and important. This research is based on the new friction brake noise test platform is developed, with copper based powder metallurgy brake and forged steel brake discs as friction pair, to study the screaming noise, noise test friction at different braking pressure and contact condition of wear and friction heat effect of interface characteristics. According to the results of the analysis to further explore the effective method to suppress the noise of brake squeal, ditching and chamfer interface modification after comparison test and numerical simulation analysis of the test by using finite element software ABAQUS, study the different interfacial modification effect on friction system instability, instability and vibration characteristics analysis of modified chamfering system from the point of view of dynamics, to explore its inhibition squeal mechanism. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, with the increase of the brake pressure, friction Clean the system unstable vibration intensified, a tendency to produce high strength reinforced brake squeal noise. The pressure is not frequency effect on squeal noise, but will affect the frequency of energy, and large brake pressure will induce the system to produce the response of multi order harmonic squeal frequency component becomes more complex.2, front brake contact when the friction system unstable vibration and squeal noise intensity and the highest frequency, and the energy distribution is uneven; the normal contact screaming noise intensity and frequency is lower than the front contact, the energy distribution is uniform; and the brake pad back contact friction, the system stability is good, almost no contact squealing noise. The stress concentration area of the front end to the rear end transfer brake interface, system stability and squeal performance tends to be better.3, under the experimental conditions and parameters under different angles Chamfer modification with different degrees of effect on inhibiting and improving squeal, the chamfer angle of 15 DEG modification and improve the comprehensive effect of squeal and modification of the best ditching inhibition and improved squeal have no obvious effects. The brake pads can distribution change modified chamfer contact stress, and further affect the squealing noise performance.4 numerical analysis is carried out to verify the brake pad interface modification scheme using ABAQUS, results show that the modified chamfering system unstable vibration and squeal more time lag, and the system has a tendency of unstable vibration is weak. While ditching modified system unstable vibration tends to stronger, and the vibration may be more severe in.5, brake pads disc / sliding friction state to establish a mathematical model of three degrees of freedom based on the in-depth study of contact angle on the stability of the system. The results show that the contact The larger the inclination theta, the more unstable the vibration of the system is, and further induces the squeal. After the chamfer, the contact angle between the brake disc and the brake disc is obviously reduced compared with the original state. The stability of the system is better than that of the original state, so that the squeal noise can be suppressed.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH134;TB53

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