产品熔融沉积制造的碳排放特性及优化方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 03:21

本文关键词：产品熔融沉积制造的碳排放特性及优化方法研究　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：制造业在为人类带来大量物质财富的同时,也因对资源的过度消耗而造成了严重的环境问题。为减少制造业的环境污染,适应可持续发展的社会需求,以节能减排为目标的“低碳制造”这一新型制造模式应运而生并很快成为学术界和工业界的研究热点。近年来,熔融沉积制造技术因其易加工复杂结构产品等诸多优点而被广泛推广,但却鲜有关于其制造过程碳排放的研究成果出现,因此关于熔融沉积制造过程的低碳制造方法和技术,具有重要的研究价值。针对此,本文对产品熔融沉积制造的碳排放特性与优化方法进行了研究。首先,按来源对熔融沉积制造过程中的碳排放进行了分类,根据熔融沉积制造技术的工艺特点构建了各类碳排放与相应工艺过程之间的关系,从而确定了熔融沉积制造的碳排放量化边界。通过分析熔融沉积制造过程的物料流、能量流和废料流特征,研究了物料消耗、能源消耗和废料处理特点,继而推导出各类碳排放量化方法。其次,为更深入的分析产品熔融沉积制造的碳排放特性,将其与切削制造的碳排放进行对比。通过对切削制造的碳排放进行分析,建立了切削制造的碳排放量化边界。为量化切削制造碳排放,对机床运行过程中各个阶段的功率动态特征进行了分析,并建立了因刀具消耗和切削液消耗所引起的碳排放量化模型。最后通过实验验证了所建立的两类碳排放量化模型的可行性。实验结果显示在熔融沉积制造中电能消耗所引起的碳排放所占比例最大。最后,以减少熔融沉积制造过程的电能消耗为目的,定义了熔融沉积制造过程的能量效率。利用田口正交表和BP神经网络建立能量效率优化模型,采用自适应小生境遗传算法对能量效率进行了优化求解,并将优化结果在实验中进行了应用,取得了较好的应用效果。
[Abstract]:Manufacturing not only brings a lot of material wealth to human beings, but also causes serious environmental problems because of excessive consumption of resources. In order to reduce the environmental pollution of manufacturing industry, adapt to the social needs of sustainable development. Low-carbon manufacturing, which aims at energy saving and emission reduction, has emerged as the times require and has become a research hotspot in academia and industry in recent years. Melt deposition manufacturing technology has been widely used because of its many advantages, such as easy processing of complex structural products, but there are few research results on carbon emissions from the manufacturing process. Therefore, low carbon manufacturing methods and technologies in the process of melt deposition manufacturing have important research value. In view of this, the carbon emission characteristics and optimization methods of product melt deposition manufacturing are studied in this paper. The carbon emissions in the process of melt deposition manufacturing were classified according to the source, and the relationship between the various carbon emissions and the corresponding process was constructed according to the technological characteristics of the melt deposition manufacturing technology. By analyzing the characteristics of material flow, energy flow and waste flow, the characteristics of material consumption, energy consumption and waste disposal were studied. Then various carbon emission methods are deduced. Secondly, the characteristics of carbon emissions produced by melt deposition of products are analyzed more deeply. By analyzing the carbon emissions of cutting manufacturing, the carbon emission boundary of cutting manufacturing is established. The dynamic characteristics of power in each stage of machine tool operation are analyzed. The models of carbon emission caused by tool consumption and cutting fluid consumption are established. Finally, the feasibility of two kinds of carbon emission models is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that electric energy is produced in molten deposition. Carbon emissions from consumption account for the largest proportion. Finally. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the molten deposition manufacturing process, the energy efficiency of the melt deposition manufacturing process is defined, and the energy efficiency optimization model is established by using the Taguchi orthogonal table and BP neural network. Adaptive niche genetic algorithm is used to optimize the energy efficiency, and the optimization results are applied in the experiment, and good results are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH16

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