矿物粘土润滑性能的研究
发布时间:2018-01-07 16:16
本文关键词:矿物粘土润滑性能的研究 出处:《南华大学》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:润滑剂是金属成型过程中保证产品质量、延长模具使用寿命的关键因素。目前,石墨润滑剂与矿物油润滑剂占据了主要的市场,但其带来的环境污染、资源浪费的问题日趋严重。针对传统润滑剂的这些问题,本论文研究了一种新型的环境友好型、资源节约型的水基矿物粘土润滑剂,该润滑剂不仅可以减轻环境污染、遏制能源浪费,还可以降低生产成本,具备了广阔的应用市场。本课题依照设计路线:润滑剂的制备→性能测试→配方优化→再测试→摩擦机理分析,通过摩擦系数、磨斑直径的大小及物理性质来对比、分析原矿物粘土润滑剂和商业水基石墨润滑剂的综合性能,并就其存在的不足进一步优化。在润滑剂制备过程中,研究了增稠剂种类、粘土的种类和含量、硼酸浓度和辅助添加剂的浓度对润滑剂摩擦系数的影响,得出:以羧甲基纤维素钠为增稠剂、水镁石为基料、硼酸和氟硼酸钠协同润滑的原矿物粘土润滑剂的润滑性能较好;润滑剂的减摩性能随着水镁石、硼酸、氟硼酸钠浓度的增加先提高后减弱,分别在浓度为12wt%、6wt%、1wt%时达到最佳润滑效果;通过正交试验得到润滑剂的最佳配比为:水镁石:硼酸:氟硼酸钠=12:7:0.5,摩擦系数为0.032,比商业水基石墨润滑剂的减摩效果提高了57.3%。在性能测试中,原矿物粘土润滑剂在低转速、高载荷的条件下难以实现良好的润滑效果,且高温燃烧、冲刷后有大量白色粘结物残留。针对此问题,实验采取添加粘结剂(磷酸二氢铝)或另一种粘土(水滑石(粘土D)、滑石粉(粘土E)、云母(粘土H))的方法进行优化,结果显示:添加磷酸二氢铝后,润滑剂的p H值、稳定性等物理性能下降,且在摩擦测试过程中出现的磨粒磨损现象,降低了润滑剂的减摩抗磨效果;而粘土复合的方法不仅提高了润滑剂的减摩抗磨性能,还减少了粘结残留物,改善了润滑剂的物理稳定性;粘土复合中,复合2wt%粘土D润滑剂的综合性能最佳,达到了水基石墨润滑剂的使用效果,具体表现为:在低转速、短时间、高载荷的摩擦条件下,减摩性能同比复合前平均提高了45.65%,比石墨润滑剂的平均提高了25.2%;在高转速、高载荷、长时间的摩擦条件下,则分别提高了9.9%、45.7%;抗磨损性能测试中,磨斑直径为0.70mm,同比优化前,减少了0.02mm;润滑剂的抗极压性与原粘土润滑剂及石墨的一样,PB值均为431.64N;950℃高温燃烧30s后,置于水中冲刷,钢管表面无明显粘结现象。根据磨斑SEM形貌图及摩擦膜的EDS元素分析表明:在摩擦初期,润滑剂通过物理粘结膜隔离摩擦表面降低摩擦系数;持续高转速、高载荷、长时间摩擦磨损后,活性元素F、B与金属基体反应,生成B2O3、Fe F2类化学反应膜,且粘土D的存在促进了化学膜的生成,在D含量为2wt%时,金属基体中F、B元素的质量百分比之和达到最大值(33.92wt%),减摩抗磨效果最佳。
[Abstract]:Lubricant is the key factor to guarantee the product quality and prolong the service life of mould in the process of metal forming. At present, graphite lubricant and mineral oil lubricant occupy the main market, but it brings environmental pollution. The problem of resource waste is becoming more and more serious. In view of these problems of traditional lubricant, this paper studies a new kind of water based mineral clay lubricant, which is environment-friendly and resource-saving. The lubricant can not only reduce environmental pollution, curb energy waste, but also reduce production cost, and has a broad application market. This subject is based on the design route: preparation of lubricant. 鈫扨erformance test. 鈫扚ormula optimization. 鈫扲etesting. 鈫扚riction mechanism analysis, through friction coefficient, grinding spot diameter and physical properties to compare to analyze the original mineral clay lubricant and commercial water-based graphite lubricant comprehensive properties. During the preparation of lubricant, the effects of thickener, clay type and content, boric acid concentration and auxiliary additive concentration on the friction coefficient of lubricant were studied. The results show that the raw mineral clay lubricant with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as thickener brucite as base material and boric acid and sodium fluoroborate as lubricant has better lubricating performance. With the increase of brucite, boric acid and sodium fluoroborate, the antifriction property of lubricant first increases and then weakens, and the best lubricating effect is achieved at the concentration of 12wtand 6wtwt%. The optimum proportion of lubricant is: brucite: boric acid: sodium fluoroborate 12: 7: 0.5, friction coefficient is 0.032. Compared with commercial water-based graphite lubricant, the antifriction effect is improved 57.3%. In the performance test, it is difficult to achieve good lubricating effect under low rotational speed and high load condition, and burning at high temperature. There is a large amount of white binder residue after scouring. In order to solve this problem, adding binder (aluminum dihydrogen phosphate) or another kind of clay (hydrotalcite (clay DU), talc powder (clay E) is used in the experiment. The method of mica (clay Hu) was optimized. The results showed that the physical properties of lubricant, such as pH value and stability, were decreased after adding aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, and the abrasive wear phenomenon occurred in the process of friction test. The antifriction and antiwear effect of lubricant is reduced. The method of clay composite not only improves the antifriction and antiwear performance of lubricant, but also reduces the adhesive residue and improves the physical stability of lubricant. The composite 2wt% clay D lubricant has the best comprehensive performance and achieves the application effect of water-based graphite lubricant, which can be shown as follows: under the condition of low rotational speed, short time and high load. The friction-reducing property increased by 45.65 and 25.2than that of graphite lubricant. Under the condition of high rotational speed, high load and long time friction, the value of 9.9m / 45.7 was increased respectively. In the testing of wear resistance, the diameter of wear spot is 0.70 mm, which is 0.02mm less than that before optimization. The polar compressive resistance of the lubricant is 431.64N, which is the same as that of the clay lubricant and graphite. After burning at 950 鈩,
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