碳排放权交易体系下机械产品可持续制造评估与优化

发布时间：2018-01-15 19:19

本文关键词：碳排放权交易体系下机械产品可持续制造评估与优化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：碳排放权交易制度是目前不少国家和地区采用的一种环境政策工具,旨在用市场机制推动节能减排。在7个试点碳排放权交易市场初见成效的基础上,我国拟于2017年建立全国性的碳排放权交易市场,届时环境成本将成为每个企业在生产决策中不得不考虑的一个重要问题。而机械制造企业作为二氧化碳排放大户,必将首当其冲地受到这一政策的影响。为此,本文对碳排放权交易体系下的机械产品可持续制造问题展开了研究。首先,紧扣课题背景,深入研究把握我国碳排放权交易体系的特点规律,从现有7个试点交易市场的运行状态展望未来全国碳交易市场的发展方向,就碳配额分配原则、碳交易价格波动等因素对企业可持续制造决策的影响等问题进行具体分析,并探索了采用BP神经网络对碳交易价格进行预测的方法。接着,对典型机械产品的生产流程进行分析,按照先将产品分解为零件,再分析零件生产流程的思路,通过CATIA二次开发实现了产品BOM信息的自动生成,并采用IDEF0建模工具分析各个零件的加工过程,理清了典型机械产品生产系统的要素构成和输入输出关系。然后,在借鉴现有理论和方法的基础上,分别建立了通过物料平衡法估算产品碳排放量和通过作业成本法估算产品成本的计算模型,并对估算过程所需要的输入数据进行了分析梳理,阐明了数据获取方式,从而打通了一条对机械产品碳排放与成本进行量化评估的技术路线。最后,对上述理论和方法进行了实现与验证,以VB6.0为编程语言设计开发了一款机械产品可持续制造评估工具,为某二级齿轮减速器的输出轴设计了三种外圆表面成型的加工工艺,通过评估工具得到了其优化方案,验证了所用理论和方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Carbon emission trading system is a kind of environmental policy tool used by many countries and regions at present, aiming to promote energy saving and emission reduction with market mechanism. China plans to establish a national carbon emissions trading market in 2017. At that time, environmental cost will become an important issue that every enterprise has to consider in the production decision. As a large carbon dioxide emitter, the mechanical manufacturing enterprise will bear the brunt of this policy. In this paper, the sustainable manufacturing of mechanical products under the carbon emission trading system is studied. First of all, the background of the subject, in-depth study to grasp the characteristics of carbon emissions trading system in China. From the operating state of the existing seven pilot trading markets, the paper looks forward to the future development direction of the national carbon trading market, and puts forward the principle of carbon quota allocation. This paper analyzes the impact of carbon trading price fluctuation and other factors on the sustainable manufacturing decision of enterprises, and explores the BP neural network to predict the carbon trading price. The production process of typical mechanical products is analyzed. According to the idea of decomposing the product into parts and then analyzing the production process of the parts, the automatic generation of product BOM information is realized through the secondary development of CATIA. The IDEF0 modeling tool is used to analyze the machining process of each part, and the composition of the elements and the input-output relationship of the typical mechanical product production system are clarified. Then, on the basis of the existing theories and methods. The models of estimating product carbon emissions by material balance method and estimating product cost by activity-based costing method were established, and the input data needed in the estimation process were analyzed and combed. The method of data acquisition is clarified, thus a technical route for quantitative evaluation of carbon emission and cost of mechanical products is provided. Finally, the above theories and methods are implemented and verified. A tool for evaluating the sustainable manufacturing of mechanical products is developed with VB6.0 as the programming language. Three kinds of machining processes for the output shafts of a secondary gear reducer are designed. The optimization scheme is obtained by the evaluation tool, and the feasibility of the theory and method is verified.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH16

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