50型装载机工作装置液压系统能量特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 13:28

本文关键词：50型装载机工作装置液压系统能量特性研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：装载机作为一种多用途的工程机械,在工程建设领域发挥着巨大的作用。液压系统是装载机实现作业功能的重要组成部分,其效率与可靠性直接影响着装载机的能耗与整机性能。本文通过分析现有50型装载机定量液压系统动态特性和能耗,针对系统能耗高,效率低,热平衡温度高等问题,对装载机液压系统作业节能技术进行分析,并对系统的散热特性进行分析和改进。首先,建立装载机工作装置液压系统联合仿真模型。在ADAMS中建立工作装置动力学模型,在AMEsim中建立工作装置液压系统模型,用接口文件实现数据实时交互,实现机液耦合仿真。将仿真结果与试验值进行对比,证明所建模型的正确性。分析I型作业工况下一个工作循环液压系统各部件功耗,发现定量液压系统能耗较大,且存在溢流损失和中位卸荷损失,效率较低,多余的能量转化为热量引起系统温度升高,影响整机作业效率。其次,针对装载机液压系统效率低下的问题,对液压系统节能技术进行研究。采用负载敏感液压系统以减少液压泵的功率输出和溢流损失;采用动臂势能回收技术减少动臂下降时多路阀的节流损失;研究提高系统压力对系统效率的影响。对上述不同系统的动态特性、能耗和效率情况进行分析。再次,建立装载机液压系统热交换模型,分析液压系统的产热机理和散热特性,研究各个部件在产热或散热阶段所占比重,分析环境温度对系统热平衡的影响,为系统改进做铺垫。分析负载敏感液压系统、动臂势能回收系统、温度旁通阀、改变流经散热器流量等手段对系统热平衡温度的影响。最后,进行装载机液压系统动态特性试验和热平衡试验,对I型作业和高速跑两种典型工况进行分析,实时测量系统各部位液压油压力与温度变化情况,为仿真提供初始边界条件,并验证所建立的液压系统模型与热交换模型的正确性。
[Abstract]:As a kind of multi-purpose construction machinery, loader plays a great role in the field of engineering construction. Hydraulic system is an important part of the loader to realize the operation function. Its efficiency and reliability directly affect the energy consumption and performance of the loader. This paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics and energy consumption of the existing 50 type loader quantitative hydraulic system, aiming at the high energy consumption and low efficiency of the system. The heat balance temperature is high, the energy saving technology of loader hydraulic system is analyzed, and the heat dissipation characteristic of the system is analyzed and improved. The joint simulation model of the hydraulic system of the loader working device is established. The dynamic model of the working device is established in ADAMS and the hydraulic system model of the working device is established in the AMEsim. The interface file is used to realize the real-time data exchange, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results. By analyzing the power consumption of the components of a working cycle hydraulic system under type I operation conditions, it is found that the energy consumption of the quantitative hydraulic system is large, and there are overflow losses and median unloading losses, and the efficiency is relatively low. The excess energy converted into heat causes the temperature of the system to rise, which affects the efficiency of the whole machine. Secondly, aiming at the low efficiency of the loader hydraulic system. The energy saving technology of hydraulic system is studied. The load sensitive hydraulic system is adopted to reduce the power output and overflow loss of hydraulic pump. The potential energy recovery technology is used to reduce the throttling loss of the multi-way valve when the arm drops. The influence of increasing system pressure on system efficiency is studied. The dynamic characteristics, energy consumption and efficiency of these different systems are analyzed. Thirdly, the heat exchange model of loader hydraulic system is established. The heat production mechanism and heat dissipation characteristics of hydraulic system are analyzed. The proportion of each component in the heat production or heat dissipation stage is studied. The influence of environmental temperature on the heat balance of the system is analyzed. The influence of load sensitive hydraulic system, moving-arm potential energy recovery system, temperature bypass valve and changing flow rate through radiator on the system heat balance temperature is analyzed. The dynamic characteristic test and heat balance test of hydraulic system of loader were carried out, and two typical working conditions of type I operation and high speed running were analyzed, and the pressure and temperature of hydraulic oil in various parts of the system were measured in real time. It provides the initial boundary conditions for the simulation and verifies the correctness of the established hydraulic system model and the heat exchange model.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH243

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