含裂纹故障的齿轮系统动力学特性研究及其故障特征分析

发布时间：2018-01-18 16:12

本文关键词：含裂纹故障的齿轮系统动力学特性研究及其故障特征分析　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：齿轮传动装置作为机械系统中重要的传动部件广泛应用于机床、车辆、化工机械、农业机械、航空等各种机械设备中。但由于齿轮本身结构复杂,且经常工作于高速和重载等恶劣的工作环境中,是故障发生频率较高的机械部件。齿轮传动系统作为机械设备中的重要传动部件,其健康状况直接影响着机械设备能否正常工作和可靠运行。为保障机械系统的安全可靠运行,避免重大和灾难性事故的发生,针对齿轮传动装置的设备监测和故障诊断技术的发展和应用显得十分必要,目前已受到工业界、科研机构乃至国家越来越多的重视。国内外学者针对齿轮故障已经开展了较多的研究工作,主要研究内容包括两个大的方向,一方面是基于动力学方法开展齿轮的故障机理研究,但由于齿轮传动系统的复杂性,目前对其故障机理的认识还不够透彻;另一方面是基于信号分析方法进行齿轮故障特征识别和提取的研究,在这部分研究内容中,对于齿轮的一些早期故障存在故障特征微弱而难以诊断的难点。目前这两个部分的研究工作仍然不够成熟和完善,并且大多数工作没有将两种方法结合起来进行研究,不便于相互对比和验证。因此,本学位论文在国家自然科学基金"水下运动目标时变噪声场欠定盲提取模型及其算法研究"、国家自然科学基金"基于动力学特性的多级行星齿轮传动系统故障机理研究"、云南省教育厅重大项目"工业机器人RV传动系统故障机理表征及诊断关键技术研究"和云南省自然科学基金项目"基于动力学分析的半直驱风力发电机行星齿轮系统故障机理"的资助下,分别以定轴齿轮系和行星齿轮系统为研究对象,研究齿根裂纹对齿轮系统动态响应的影响规律,从动力学角度表征故障与系统振动的映射关系,揭示出裂纹故障在系统振动响应中所对应的故障特征。最后,根据故障的特点提出相应的故障诊断放方法。研究内容将动力学方法和故障诊断方法有机结合,从而为动力学振动特性的研究结果提供验证,为故障诊断方法提供理论根据,使得两者相互对比和验证,对促进齿轮传动系统状态监测与故障诊断具有重要意义。本文主要研究内容如下:(1)从动力学角度分析了齿轮振动信号的边频形成机理。通过对齿轮的啮合刚度曲线进行阶次谱分析,分析了与裂纹故障对应的谱线在阶次谱中的分布特征。这些故障谱线所代表的频率与啮合频率及其倍频成分在动力学响应中形成频率耦合而构成一系列的组合频率,这些组合频率围绕在啮合频率及其倍频附近,构成其边频成分。(2)研究了齿根裂纹对定轴齿轮系振动响应特性的影响规律。从动力学角度表征齿根裂纹故障与系统振动的映射关系,分析了裂纹故障在系统振动响应中所对应的故障特征。并通过时域统计分析方法,研究了齿轮振动响应随着齿根裂纹扩展的变化规律,以及裂纹在不同转速情况下对齿轮振动响应的影响规律。(3)提出一种基于正交小波包与倒频谱相结合的方法来分析信号中的裂纹故障特征。当齿轮存在齿根裂纹故障时,在其振动信号频谱中的啮合频率及其倍频等地方形成一系列等间隔的边频谱线,这些边频成分幅值较低,能量分散且分布不均匀,在不同频带的幅值大小存在差异。针对上述特点,通过正交小波包方法对信号的频带进行分解,然后应用倒频谱分析各子频带信号的边频成分。该方法能够有效的提高信号的信噪比,有助于识别和提取信号中由裂纹故障引起的边频成分。最后,分别通过仿真信号和试验信号验证了该方法的有效性。(4)研究了齿根裂纹故障对行星齿轮系统振动响应的影响规律。综合考虑了齿轮啮合刚度、误差激励和振动传递路径的影响,分析了裂纹故障在系统振动响应中的故障特征,重点研究了行星齿轮系统在正常情况和含齿根裂纹故障时的频谱谱线分布特征,并通过试验信号验证了理论推导结果。文中还基于AR模型估计得到振动响应的残差信号,并通过时域统计方法分析了系统振动响应随齿根裂纹扩展的变化规律。(5)研究了基于参数优化Morlet小波的包络解调分析方法在行星齿轮系统故障特征分析的应用。文中首先利用小波熵优化得到小波的形状参数,实现母小波与信号故障特征的最佳匹配;然后利用小波系数峭度来优化小波的中心频率,以确定最优的解调频带。最后,根据优化的参数对齿轮振动信号进行包络解调分析。仿真和试验结果表明,该方法能够有效地提取行星齿轮系统的裂纹故障特征。
[Abstract]:The gear transmission device as an important transmission part in mechanical systems are widely used in machine tools, vehicles, chemical machinery, agricultural machinery, aviation and other machinery and equipment. But because the gear structure is very complicated, and often work in high speed and heavy load and poor working environment, is the failure of mechanical components occurred at higher frequencies. The gear transmission system as an important transmission parts in mechanical equipment, their health status directly affects the mechanical equipment and reliable operation can work properly. To ensure the safety running of mechanical system, and avoid major catastrophic accidents, development and application for gear transmission equipment monitoring and fault diagnosis technology is very necessary, has been in industry, scientific research institutions and countries more and more attention. The scholars at home and abroad have carried out research work of gear fault more, mainly The study includes two aspects. One is research on the failure mechanism of gear based on dynamics method to carry out, but because of the complexity of the gear transmission system, the current understanding of the failure mechanism is not enough; on the other hand is a signal analysis method of gear fault feature extraction and recognition based on this part of the study in the content, difficulties for some early gear failures exist weak fault features and difficult to diagnosis. The research work of the two parts is not mature and perfect, and most will not work two methods are combined to study, not to facilitate mutual comparison and verification. Therefore, this thesis in the National Natural Science Foundation "underwater moving target time-varying noise field of underdetermined blind source extraction model and algorithm research, the National Natural Science Foundation" multi-stage planetary gear transmission based on dynamic characteristics Study on the fault mechanism of the system, the Education Department of Yunnan Province, the major project of "industrial robot RV transmission system fault diagnosis mechanism and characterization of key technology research" and Yunnan Province Natural Science Fund Project "based on the dynamic analysis of the semi direct drive wind turbine planetary gear system fault mechanism" under funded, respectively with fixed axis gear and planetary gear system as the research object, research on gear tooth crack dynamic responses of the gear system, from the view of dynamics mapping fault characterization and system vibration, reveals the cracks in the fault characteristics corresponding to the vibration response of the system. Finally, put forward the corresponding diagnosis according to the fault characteristics of the method of combining dynamic research content. Method and fault diagnosis method, so as to study the vibration characteristics of the dynamic verification, provide a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis method. Both mutual comparison and verification, it has important significance for promoting the gear transmission system of state monitoring and fault diagnosis. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) from the perspective of dynamics analysis of the side frequency vibration signal of gear mechanism. The order spectrum analysis through the meshing of gear stiffness curve, analysis of the distribution of spectral line corresponding to the crack fault in order of frequency. And the meshing frequency and its harmonic components of the fault line represents the formation of frequency coupling in the dynamic response of a combination of a series of frequency, the combination frequency around in the vicinity of the meshing frequency and its harmonics, the side frequency component (2) is studied. Fixed axis gear tooth root crack on the vibration influence of response characteristics. From the view of dynamics characterization mapping between the tooth root crack fault and system vibration analysis, the crack fault in the system vibration response. The corresponding fault characteristics. And through time-domain statistical analysis method, study the gear vibration response changes with the tooth root crack propagation, the influence of crack on gear vibration response in different speed conditions. (3) proposed a method of orthogonal wavelet packet and cepstrum analysis based on the combination of the crack fault signal the gear tooth crack fault. When there is a series of spectral lines, edge distance form the meshing frequency and its multiplication in the vibration signal spectrum, these edge frequency components of low amplitude, energy dispersion and uneven distribution, exist in different frequency band amplitude difference. According to the characteristics of. Frequency band of signal is decomposed by orthogonal wavelet packet method, and then the application of cepstrum analysis of edge frequency components of each sub-band signal. This method can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio, contribute to knowledge Caused by the cracks of the side frequency component and don't signal extraction. Finally, the validity of the method are verified by simulation signal and test signal. (4) research on gear tooth crack fault impact on the planetary gear system vibration response law. Considering the gear meshing stiffness, transmission error excitation and vibration influence path the analysis of the fault features of the vibration response of the system in the crack fault, focusing on the planetary gear system spectrum in normal and containing the tooth root crack when the fault line distribution, and the theoretical analysis results are verified by the test signal. This paper also obtained AR model to estimate the residual signal based on Vibration response, and through time domain statistical method to analyse the variation with tooth root crack propagation of the vibration response of the system. (5) studied in the planetary gear system analysis of envelope demodulation parameter optimization based on Morlet wavelet The application of fault feature analysis. Firstly, the shape parameter of wavelet wavelet entropy optimization, achieve optimal matching of mother wavelet and signal fault feature; then the center frequency of the wavelet coefficients of kurtosis to optimize the wavelet, to determine the optimal demodulation frequency band. Finally, according to the analysis of gear vibration signal demodulation parameters optimization the simulation and test results show that the crack fault feature of this method can effectively extract the planetary gear system.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH132.41

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