永磁同步电主轴机电耦联动力特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 04:14

本文关键词： 临界转速转矩脉动模态分析 BK测试系统　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文通过有限元法以及实验对永磁同步电主轴的机电耦联动力特性进行了研究,主要从转子总成的临界转速计算、转子内部磁场分布及转矩脉动的计算和永磁同步电机的模态分析这三个方面进行研究。永磁同步电主轴的应用日益广泛,其转速和功率也在不断提高。对其进行转子动态特性研究是非常重要的。本文在对永磁同步电主轴转子动态特性的研究过程中,建立了转子组件三维模型,得到了节点质量和转动惯量。使用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了转子简化模型,考虑了陀螺效应,对转子临界转速进行了分析计算,得到坎贝尔图。计算结果表明:一阶临界转速高于电主轴的额定转速。当转子存在偏心时,将产生不平衡磁拉力。该不平衡磁拉力随偏心距的增加而增大,从而使各阶临界转速随之减小。借助有限元法分析了永磁同步电主轴内部的磁场分布,计算出电主轴的转矩脉动与径向电磁力。在永磁体磁能积不变的条件下,设计了一种表面式永磁磁极结构。通过优化永磁体磁极截面形状,达到了削弱永磁同步电主轴振动噪声的目的。研究结果表明随着永磁体中部厚度参数的增加与两边厚度参数的减少,额定转矩逐渐上升,而转矩脉动开始下降,随后上升,存在最小转矩脉动值;径向电磁力基波幅值也逐渐上升,高次谐波幅值逐步下降,从而有效地减小振动和噪声。对永磁同步电主轴的模态进行了有限元计算和实验测试。通过对各部件进行等效简化,建立了有限元仿真模型。其中对绕组的处理方式有两种:一是建立简化模型;二是将其质量进行等效处理。之后对电机定子机壳结构和整机装配体的模态分别进行了有限元计算。借助丹麦BK振动声学测试系统对电主轴进行实验模态分析,发现将绕组建立等效模型后,所计算得出的结果会丢失部分低阶模态,而对绕组质量进行等效处理能完整的得到各阶模态,验证计算结果的准确性。最后通过优化机壳截面形状,使提高了整机的各阶固有频率,避开了共振点。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the electromechanical coupling dynamic characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous spindle are studied by finite element method and experiment, and the critical speed of rotor assembly is calculated. The calculation of magnetic field distribution and torque ripple in rotor and modal analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are studied. The application of PMSM is more and more extensive. The rotor speed and power are also increasing. It is very important to study the dynamic characteristics of the rotor. In the course of the research on the dynamic characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous spindle rotor, a three-dimensional model of the rotor component is established. The mass and moment of inertia of the rotor are obtained. The simplified rotor model is established by using the ANSYS finite element analysis software. The critical speed of the rotor is analyzed and calculated by considering the gyro effect. The results show that the first order critical speed is higher than the rated speed of the motorized spindle. When the rotor exists eccentricity, the unbalanced magnetic pull force will be produced, and the unbalance magnetic tension force will increase with the increase of the eccentricity. With the help of finite element method, the magnetic field distribution in the permanent magnet synchronous motor spindle is analyzed, and the torque ripple and radial electromagnetic force of the motor spindle are calculated. Under the condition that the magnetic energy product of the permanent magnet is invariant, the torque ripple and the radial electromagnetic force of the motor spindle are calculated. A surface type permanent magnet pole structure is designed and the shape of the permanent magnet pole section is optimized. The research results show that with the increase of the thickness parameter of the middle part of the permanent magnet and the decrease of the thickness parameter of both sides, the rated torque increases gradually, and the torque ripple begins to decrease. Then rising, the minimum torque ripple exists; The amplitude of fundamental wave of radial electromagnetic force also increases gradually, and the amplitude of high harmonic wave decreases gradually. In order to reduce vibration and noise effectively, the modal of permanent magnet synchronous spindle is calculated and tested by finite element method. The finite element simulation model is established, in which there are two ways to deal with the winding: one is to establish a simplified model; Secondly, the quality of motor stator shell and the modal of the whole machine assembly are calculated by finite element method. The experimental modal analysis of the motorized spindle is carried out with the help of the Danish BK vibration acoustic testing system. . It is found that some low-order modes will be lost after the equivalent model is established, and all the modes can be completely obtained by equivalent treatment of winding mass. The accuracy of the calculation results is verified. Finally, by optimizing the shape of the shell section, the natural frequency of each order of the machine is increased and the common vibration point is avoided.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH132

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