大型闸门部件的复合UHMWPE滑动面研究及应用

发布时间：2018-01-26 03:03

本文关键词： 复合结构 UHMWPE 滑动摩擦面接触应力粘弹性体启闭设备　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：恶劣润滑环境下工作的重载球铰与销齿传动部件在水利设施、海洋工程装备、起重设备以及国防工业中广泛应用,但是传统金属材质低速重载滑动摩擦面很难有效解决冷胶合与点蚀等摩擦面破损的问题。装备有复合结构高聚物轴瓦的球铰在工程中证实其滑动摩擦面具有优异的抗磨损性能,但是对滑动面磨损有显著影响的接触面应力分布情况的研究资料相对缺乏,对类似球铰的设计方法也缺乏理论支撑。过大的接触应力已经被证实是造成重载齿轮齿面磨损的一个重要因素,高分子塑料齿轮具有优秀的抗磨损能力,但是受高聚物力学强度的限制,还没有看到可用于重载传动装置的高聚物零部件的相关研究与案例。为此,本文对特殊球铰UHMWPE滑动面的接触应力分布及变化规律展开理论研究和仿真分析,以探求其具有优秀抗摩擦磨损特性的机理；提出适用于低速重载工况的复合结构高聚物传动销齿,对其承载能力与应力应变进行仿真研究,并以鄱阳湖枢纽闸门的启闭设备为工程案例论证其应用前景,提出了多种大型闸门的启闭设备设计方案。通过对复合结构UHMWPE轴瓦的结构、材料、尺寸等分析,对特殊球铰的高聚物滑动摩擦面建模、仿真和应力分析,探明了该滑动摩擦面表面接触应力的分布规律；揭示其与普通球铰滑动摩擦面相比具有明显较低表面接触应力的根本原因是粘弹性UHMWPE材料在受载后迅速发生明显的弹性变形从而形成广泛的接触面,将应力相对均匀的分散到摩擦面从而显著消除了滑动摩擦面的应力集中现象；复合结构高聚物轴瓦在较大载荷条件下将主要应力转移到强度较高的碳纤维强化环,避免了具有自润滑特性的高聚物接触面出现破损、挤出等失效损伤；证实了复合结构高聚物用于改善恶劣润滑条件的重载滑动面摩擦特性的可行性。以UHMWPE材料粘弹性力学模型为基础,根据包络原理归纳了销齿传动机构的齿廓曲线方程算法,提出了新型钢被衬复合结构高聚物传动销齿。对复合结构UHMWPE销齿结构、尺寸进行分析比较,探寻具备较大承载能力和优异抗磨损性能的新型重载传动销齿。对其承载能力与应力应变进行仿真分析,发现其具有较低齿面接触应力的根本原因是较大实际接触面积避免了接触应力集中现象,并与普通钢制传动销齿在受载时的应力分布情况进行比较,证实这种特殊销齿的表面接触应力低于普通硬齿面销齿,消除了应力集中点。提出了多种适用于鄱阳湖水利枢纽超大型闸门的启闭设备设计方案。通过复合结构高聚物特殊销齿传动方案与普通齿轮类传动方案的对比研究,论证了该特殊销齿用于重载齿轮传动设备的可行性,为重型装备的大型传动系统小型化做出贡献。对该闸门启闭设备的基座和支臂组件的结构强度进行了有限元仿真分析。
[Abstract]:The heavy-duty ball hinges and pin-tooth drive parts working under harsh lubricating conditions are widely used in water conservancy facilities, marine engineering equipment, lifting equipment and national defense industry. However, it is very difficult for traditional metal materials to solve the problem of friction surface breakage such as cold bonding and pitting. The ball hinge with composite polymer bearing is proved to be excellent in engineering. Wear resistance. However, the stress distribution of contact surface which has significant influence on sliding surface wear is relatively lacking. Too much contact stress has been proved to be an important factor to cause tooth surface wear of heavy-duty gears. Polymer plastic gears have excellent wear resistance. However, limited by the mechanical strength of polymers, there is no case study and case study of polymer components that can be used in heavy-duty transmission. In this paper, the contact stress distribution and variation law of special ball hinge UHMWPE sliding surface are studied and simulated in order to find out the mechanism of excellent friction and wear resistance. This paper puts forward the composite structure polymer drive pin teeth suitable for low speed and heavy load condition, and simulates its bearing capacity and stress and strain, and takes the opening and closing equipment of the gate of Poyang Lake Hub as an engineering case to demonstrate its application prospect. Through the analysis of the structure, material and size of the UHMWPE bearing of the composite structure, the model of the special spherical hinge polymer sliding friction surface is established. The distribution of contact stress on the surface of the sliding friction surface is proved by simulation and stress analysis. It is revealed that the main reason for the obvious lower surface contact stress is the obvious elastic deformation of the viscoelastic UHMWPE material after loading, which leads to the formation of a wide range of contact surfaces. The stress concentration on the sliding friction surface is eliminated by dispersing the stress evenly to the friction surface. The polymer bearing of composite structure transfers the main stress to the high strength carbon fiber strengthened ring under the condition of large load, which avoids the failure damage of polymer contact surface with self-lubricating property and extrusion etc. The feasibility of the composite polymer used to improve the frictional properties of the heavy load sliding surface in poor lubrication conditions was confirmed. The viscoelastic mechanical model of the UHMWPE material was used as the basis. According to the enveloping principle, the algorithm of tooth profile curve equation of pin tooth drive mechanism is summarized, and a new profile steel lined composite structure high polymer drive pin tooth is put forward. The structure and size of composite structure UHMWPE pin tooth are analyzed and compared. To explore a new type of heavy-duty drive pin teeth with large bearing capacity and excellent wear resistance. The load bearing capacity and stress strain are simulated and analyzed. It is found that the main reason for the lower contact stress is that the larger actual contact area avoids the phenomenon of contact stress concentration, and the stress distribution of the common steel drive pin teeth under load is compared with that of the common steel drive pin teeth. It is proved that the surface contact stress of this special pin tooth is lower than that of common hard surface pin tooth. The stress concentration point is eliminated, and a variety of design schemes of the opening and closing equipment suitable for the super large gate of Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project are put forward. The comparison between the special pin-tooth drive scheme of polymer with the composite structure and the common gear transmission scheme is made. Research. The feasibility of the special pin tooth used in heavy duty gear transmission equipment is demonstrated. This paper makes a contribution to the miniaturization of the large-scale transmission system of heavy equipment. The structural strength of the base and arm assemblies of the gate opening and closing equipment is simulated by finite element method.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV663;TH132

【相似文献】