基于PLC的塔式起重机控制系统设计与研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 06:01

本文关键词： PLC 塔机控制系统风速仪短信通信模块　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的现代化进程加快,高层建筑可以最大程度的容纳飞速增长的人口,高层建筑是通过塔式起重机将地面上的建筑物运输到高层上建造的,所以塔式起重机在高层建筑修建的过程中具有举足轻重的地位。塔机通过起升运行机构、回转运行机构、变幅运行机构分别进行升降、旋转、内外变幅三种操作,可以将地面上的重物准确运送到目的地。目前国内塔机基本都是继电器加上接触器的电气系统控制方式来控制塔机运行的三大机构。传统的基于继电器接触器的塔式起重机控制系统存在可靠性不高、故障率高、故障的检查排除困难、智能化程度不够、寿命短不易保养维护等缺点。因此开发出一套效率高可靠性好的塔机控制系统具有十分重要的现场应用意义。根据课题中塔机实际的现场运行情况,结合塔机三大工作运行机构的电动机的驱动原理,设计出了一套高效可行的电气控制系统方案。完成了对塔机PLC控制系统的电气硬件设计。采用光洋SH系列小型PLC、三相交流电动机、制动器、整流器、传感器等,通过接触器加上继电器的方式控制塔机的工作机构。根据所选的电气硬件设计并制作了PLC的外围控制电路、主电路以及系统保护电路、三大机构电机控制电路以及联动控制台信号控制电路。完成了基于PLC的塔机控制系统软件设计,系统的梯形图程序设计主要包括两个方面,塔机的动作程序和PLC与短信模块的通信程序。塔机动作程序的两个方面程序设计,包括动作控制程序和系统预警保护程序。预警程序包括各运动机构的限位、起升重量和起升力矩的限制以及风速的自动检测及自动处理。最后,PLC与短信模块的通信程序主要是实现了远程锁机与解锁、远程故障查询等功能。公司用户可以通过手机短信远程控制塔机的锁机与解锁以及查询超重超力矩故障信息等功能。采用短信远程控制的方式可以避免塔机在使用过程中出现不规范操作或者过期使用拖欠租金等情况。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the modernization process of China has been accelerated, high-rise buildings can accommodate the rapid growth of the population to the greatest extent, high-rise buildings are built by tower cranes to transport the buildings on the ground to the high-rise. So tower crane has a pivotal position in the process of high-rise building construction. Tower crane through lifting operation mechanism, rotary operation mechanism, luffing operation mechanism to lift up, rotation respectively. Internal and external amplitude change three operations. The heavy objects on the ground can be transported to the destination accurately. At present, the tower cranes in China are basically three major mechanisms for controlling the operation of the tower cranes by means of the electrical system control of relays plus contactors. The reliability of tower crane control system is not high. The failure rate is high, the trouble checking and removing is difficult, and the degree of intelligence is not enough. Therefore, it is very important to develop a set of tower crane control system with high efficiency and reliability. According to the actual field operation situation of tower crane in the subject, it is very important to develop a set of tower crane control system with high efficiency and good reliability. Combined with the driving principle of the motor of the three major operating mechanism of tower crane. A set of efficient and feasible electrical control system is designed. The electrical hardware design of tower crane PLC control system is completed. The optical SH series mini-PLC, three-phase AC motor and brake are adopted. Rectifier, sensor, etc. According to the selected electrical hardware, the peripheral control circuit, main circuit and system protection circuit of PLC are designed and manufactured by the way of adding contactor and relay to control the working mechanism of tower crane. The software design of tower crane control system based on PLC is completed. The ladder diagram program design of the system mainly includes two aspects. Tower crane action program and PLC and short message module communication program. Tower crane action program two aspects of the program design. Including motion control program and system early warning protection program. The early warning procedure includes the limit of movement mechanism, the limit of lifting weight and lifting moment, and the automatic detection and processing of wind speed. The communication program between PLC and short message module is mainly to realize remote lock machine and unlock. Remote fault inquiry and other functions. Company users can remote control tower crane through mobile phone SMS lock and unlock as well as query information of overweight overtorque fault and other functions. The use of SMS remote control method can avoid tower crane in the. Use the process of irregular operation or overdue use of rent arrears and so on.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH213.3;TP273

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