高速大功率密度齿轮传动系统动态特性及阻尼环减振研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 17:50

本文关键词： 齿轮传动系统高速大功率密度动态特性减振技术阻尼环　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：齿轮作为一种传递运动和动力的基础件,被广泛应用于机械、汽车、风电、航空、航天及船舶等领域。为提高传动效率和适应其它特殊工况的苛刻性要求,使现代齿轮传动系统普遍朝着高速、大功率密度、低噪声、一体化等方向发展。因齿轮轻量化而导致其柔性变形增加、固有频率值下降而产生更多的共振区,从而使齿轮传动系统振动噪声增大、稳定性变差。因此,本文以高速大功率密度齿轮传动系统为研究对象,分析考虑齿轮轻量化、阻尼环减振的齿轮传动系统动态特性。研究结果对于认识高速大功率密度齿轮传动系统动态特性、指导阻尼环减振技术、轻量化齿轮设计等具有重要理论和实际工程应用价值。本文首先基于集中参数法建立附加阻尼环的齿轮传动系统弯-扭-轴耦合刚体动力学模型,并对其动力学方程进行无量纲化处理。同时,利用滚动轴承拟动力学理论和有限元方法,给出一种考虑齿轮传动系统结构和工况参数、转轴弹性变形的转轴-轴承结合部等效刚度的计算方法。该算法可以计算转轴-轴承结合部的静态和动态等效刚度。研究表明:当激励转速为系统临界转速时,转轴-轴承的动态等效刚度将会出现峰值;载荷增加后,转轴-轴承的轴向动态等效刚度趋近于放松端支承轴承的轴向刚度。基于附加阻尼环的齿轮传动系统弯-扭-轴耦合刚体动力学模型,采用Runge-Kutta法研究轮齿啮合刚度、传递误差和阻尼环等激励因素对系统动态特性的影响。结果表明:对高速大功率密度齿轮,可利用增加辐板阻尼的方式来抑制其因齿轮轻量化而造成的系统响应振幅的增大。阻尼环能够显著抑制齿轮传动系统的振动响应;通过优化阻尼环外圆直径(即阻尼环与轮缘间的过盈量)、厚度、宽度等结构参数可使齿轮传动系统获得最优的减振效果。考虑齿轮、阻尼环的大柔度变形,采用模态缩减法和多体动力学软件Adams相结合的方法,建立附加阻尼环的齿轮传动系统刚柔耦合多体动力学模型。在考虑接触弹塑性变形和轮齿间滞回阻尼特性的基础上,提出了一种改进的大接触变形弹性体间碰撞恢复系数计算方法,该方法适用于弹性变形、弹塑性变形和有限塑性变形的弹性体动态接触特性分析。同时基于此模型的研究表明:辐板和轮缘厚度的增加能够有效抑制齿轮轮缘和辐板轴向振动变形的波动幅度;稳定工况下,平口式阻尼环使得齿轮轮缘、辐板轴向振动幅值的波动幅度出现了大幅度下降。变工况下,平口式阻尼环不但可以大幅度的抑制齿轮轴向振动幅值的波动幅度,还能够显著的抑制轴向啮合力边频振动幅值。为研究高速、油润滑等实际工况下,轻量化齿轮、阻尼环等对齿轮传动系统动态特性影响及实际工程化的需求,本文设计并研制最高输入转速为24kr/min、油润滑、激励转速和载荷可调的高速齿轮试验器。基于该试验器的试验研究表明:对高速大功率密度齿轮传动系统,在15~24 kr/min激励转速范围内,齿轮轮缘、辐板轴向振动幅值随着激励转速增加而出现大幅度的增加。相对齿轮轮缘,齿轮辐板的轴向振动对载荷变化更加敏感。稳定工况下,阻尼环能够有效抑制齿轮辐板的轴向振动且降幅比达到了31.5%~71.4%。同时本文还研究断口卡簧式、平口式,平口滚花式阻尼环对齿轮传动系统动态特性的影响,其中平口式滚花式阻尼环对齿轮传动系统轴向振动幅值的抑制、系统辐射噪声的降低等效果最为明显。变工况下,阻尼环能够有效的抑制齿轮轮缘、辐板轴向振动幅值的大幅度波动,缩短变工况的过渡时间,并对齿轮传动系统具有明显的调频降幅作用。最后通过理论和试验的对比分析表明:利用附加阻尼环的齿轮传动系统刚体、刚柔耦合动力学模型所得动态特性结果与试验所得结果的变化趋势相同,但在具体数值上有一定差距。
[Abstract]:As a basic part of gear movement and power transfer, is widely used in machinery, automobile, wind power, aviation, aerospace and shipbuilding industry. In order to improve the transmission efficiency and other special conditions to adapt to the harsh requirements of modern gear transmission system generally toward high speed, high power density, low noise, integration etc. the direction of development. Because of the lightweight gear and leads to an increase in its flexibility, the natural frequency decreases and the resonance region more, so that the gear transmission system vibration and noise increase, the stability becomes worse. Therefore, based on the high speed and high power density of the gear transmission system as the research object, considering the lightweight gear, the dynamic characteristics of gear transmission system vibration damping ring. The results for understanding the dynamic characteristics of high speed and high power density of the gear transmission system, guide damping ring vibration technology, lightweight gear design has important theoretical and practical The engineering application value. Firstly, the lumped parameter method based on bending - gear transmission system with damping ring torsion shaft coupling dynamics model, and the dimensionless of its dynamics equation. At the same time, the use of rolling bearing quasi dynamic theory and finite element method, gives a consideration of the gear transmission system structure and operating parameters the elastic deformation of the shaft, the shaft - bearing combined with the calculation method of the equivalent stiffness of the Ministry. This method can be used to calculate the combination of static and dynamic stiffness of a shaft bearing. The results show that: when the speed of the system critical speed excitation, dynamic equivalent stiffness of a shaft bearing will peak load increases, the axial; dynamic equivalent shaft - bearing stiffness tends to relax the axial end bearing stiffness. The bending gear transmission system with damping ring torsion shaft coupling dynamics model based on Rung mining E-Kutta method was used to study the influence of meshing stiffness, transmission error and damping ring incentive factors on the dynamic characteristics of the system. The results show that the high speed and high power density can be increased by using gear plate damping way to restrain system because of its lightweight gear caused by the response amplitude increases. The vibration damping ring can inhibit gear the transmission system response; by optimizing the damping ring outer diameter (i.e. the amount of interference between the flange and the damping ring), thickness, width of the structure parameters can make the gear transmission system for optimal damping effect. Considering the gear deformation, high flexibility damping ring, using the method of modal reduction method and multi-body dynamics software Adams. With the establishment of flexible gear transmission system with damping ring coupled multi-body dynamics model. Considering the elastic-plastic contact deformation and hysteretic damping characteristics between gear teeth on the basis, proposed an improved The contact deformation calculation method of elastic collision recovery coefficient, this method is suitable for analysis of elastic deformation, elastic-plastic deformation and finite plastic deformation of the elastic body dynamic contact characteristics. At the same time the research based on this model show that the increase in the thickness of the plate and rim can effectively inhibit the fluctuation of deformation and the plate gear rim axial vibration; stability under the condition of flat type damping ring makes the gear rim, fluctuation plate axial vibration amplitude has dropped dramatically. Under variable conditions, flat type damping ring can greatly inhibit the gear shaft to the fluctuation amplitude of vibration, but also can inhibit the axial force and meshing significantly the amplitude of vibration frequency. For the study of high speed, the actual condition of oil lubrication, lightweight gear damping ring, influence on the dynamic characteristics of gear transmission system and the actual engineering needs, this paper designs and develops the highest The input speed is 24kr/min, oil lubrication, high speed gear tester excitation load and speed adjustable. Experimental study on the tester that based on high speed and high power density gear transmission system in 15~24 kr/min excitation speed range, gear rim, spokes axial vibration amplitude with excitation speed increases greatly. The relative increase the gear rim is more sensitive to the variation of axial vibration of gear plate on load. The steady operating conditions, the damping ring can effectively restrain the gear disc axial vibration and drop ratio reached 31.5%~71.4%. at the same time, this paper also studies the fracture circlip type, flat type, flat knurled damping ring effect on dynamic characteristic of gear transmission system. The flat type damping ring knurled inhibition on the axial vibration amplitude of the gear transmission system, system noise reduction effect is most obvious. Under variable conditions, the damping ring can have Inhibition effect of gear rim, fluctuation plate axial vibration amplitude, transition time variable condition, and has obvious effect on the decline of FM gear transmission system. Finally, by comparing the experimental and theoretical analysis show that the gear transmission system of rigid body with damping ring, and the trend of the dynamic characteristics of the rigid flexible coupling dynamics the model and the test results of the same, but there is a certain gap between the specific values.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH132.41

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