碳刷磨损试验及机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 16:33

本文选题：碳刷　切入点：数据处理　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：碳刷是由铜和石墨为主要组分制成的一种铜／石墨复合材料,由于具有良好的导电性和耐磨性在诸多需要导电且耐磨的领域得到了极大的应用,结合碳刷的实际工作环境,本文研究了某一特定组分的碳刷在特定速度、水介质和不同载荷等工作环境下的磨损特性及机理。第一,结合碳刷的结构特点对复合材料的磨损特性做出了理论分析,描述了摩擦副接触面的微观接触情况,预测了复合材料的磨损率与载荷的关系、材料的表面磨损情况和磨损机理,指出：载荷越大磨损率越大,但是两者并非线性关系；材料的表面磨损是不均匀的,与运动形式和载荷等有关；磨损过程中存在有粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损的综合作用；第二,简要阐述了自行研制的碳刷磨损试验机总体方案及加载原理,针对试样浸水后增重并膨胀的特点确定了线磨损量的测量方法,并采用自制碳刷磨损试验机将试样分为低载荷、中载荷和高载荷三组进行磨损试验,分别对试样表面五个点的线磨损量进行测量,得出试样表面在一系列选定时刻的线磨损量；对实验过程中可能出现的误差进行分析,确定使用t检验准则对数据进行处理,得出线磨损量-时间、磨损率-时间、线磨损量-载荷以及表面形状等各种变化曲线及结果；第三,综合上述理论分析和试验分析结果,结合具体试验条件,并运用工具显微镜对多种试验条件下的不同组分的碳刷试样磨损后的表面进行观察分析,首先从试验的加载方式和试样运动方式两个方面对载荷的影响进行综合分析,验证了理论分析的结论；然后论述并验证了磨损过程中的石墨润滑膜的存在；最后对碳刷磨损试验进程中不同磨损阶段的磨损机理进行了总结。最后,总结了本文的研究内容及结论,结合研究过程中出现的问题对后续工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Carbon brush is a kind of copper / graphite composite material made of copper and graphite. Because of its good electrical conductivity and wear resistance, it has been applied in many fields which need electric conduction and wear resistance, and combined with the actual working environment of carbon brush. In this paper, the wear characteristics and mechanism of a certain carbon brush under certain working conditions, such as specific velocity, water medium and different loads, are studied. Firstly, the wear characteristics of the composite are theoretically analyzed in combination with the structural characteristics of the carbon brush. The microcosmic contact of friction pair is described. The relationship between wear rate and load, surface wear and wear mechanism are predicted. It is pointed out that the greater the load is, the greater the wear rate is, but the relationship between them is not linear. The surface wear of the material is uneven, related to the form of movement and load, etc., there are adhesive wear, abrasive wear and fatigue wear in the wear process. The general scheme and loading principle of the self-developed carbon brush wear tester are briefly described. According to the characteristics of weight gain and expansion of the sample after immersion, the measuring method of the linear wear quantity is determined, and the specimen is divided into low loads by the self-made carbon brush wear tester. Three groups of moderate and high load wear tests were carried out to measure the linear wear amount of five points on the surface of the specimen, and the linear wear amount of the sample surface at a series of selected times was obtained, and the possible errors in the process of the experiment were analyzed. It is determined to use t test criterion to process the data and obtain various curves and results of line wear volume, wear rate and time, linear wear rate and load, and surface shape. Thirdly, the above theoretical analysis and experimental analysis results are synthesised. Combined with the specific test conditions and using the tool microscope to observe and analyze the worn surface of carbon brush samples with different components under various test conditions. The influence of loading mode and specimen movement on the load is analyzed synthetically, and the conclusion of theoretical analysis is verified, then the existence of graphite lubricating film in the process of wear is discussed and verified. Finally, the wear mechanism of different wear stages in the process of carbon brush wear test is summarized. Finally, the research contents and conclusions of this paper are summarized, and the future work is prospected in combination with the problems in the research process.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH117.1

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