铜镍与铜铅轴承材料的摩擦学性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:02

  本文选题：铜镍　切入点：铜铅　出处：《合肥工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着汽车工业的飞跃发展和环保理念的增强,对铜基合金滑动轴承材料提出了更加严苛的要求,不仅希望铜基轴承材料无铅化,而且还要其具有高的承载能力、抗疲劳特性,以及具有一定的耐高温和耐腐蚀能力。无铅含镍铜基合金替代传统弹性铍青铜材料具有优越性,将其作为减摩耐磨材料使用,在耐热、耐腐蚀特性方面也有一定潜力。本论文选取粉末冶金方法制备无铅铜镍、典型铜铅双金属轴承材料,对其进行了耐热、耐腐蚀特性以及不同工况下的摩擦学特性研究,并在微观分析方法的帮助下对摩擦磨损机理和腐蚀机理进行了探讨。无铅铜镍轴承材料具有明显时效硬化现象,经400℃左右加热后,硬度保持最高,且始终比两种典型铜铅材料的硬度大,耐热性较好。在HDM-20型试验机上实施的各种端面摩擦磨损试验表明,低载荷、润滑充分条件下无铅铜镍轴承材料与典型铜铅轴承材料表现出基本相当的摩擦学性能,但无铅铜镍轴承材料的跑合性稍差,且明显受载荷和速度的影响。逐级加载油润滑情况下,无铅铜镍轴承材料随载荷增大摩擦副率先发生破坏,减摩、抗粘着性能不如含铅材料,摩擦磨损过程中含铅材料基体中的软质相铅逐渐在表面形成保护膜并与润滑油起协同润滑作用,发挥出较好的减摩、抗粘着效果。无铅铜镍轴承材料原始轧制表面留有较多孔隙,而两种铜铅材料表面孔隙则被第二相铅所填充；预浸油工况下无铅铜镍轴承材料表面多孔结构可以储存润滑油,表现出优于典型铜铅材料的摩擦学性能。无铅铜镍材料经劣化油腐蚀,表面形成一层具有保护性质的氧化膜,阻止基体进一步遭到破坏,具有较好的耐腐蚀性。铜铅材料则因减摩、抗粘着组元铅被选择性腐蚀溶析,基体组织破坏严重,摩擦磨损性能明显降低。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of automobile industry and the enhancement of environmental protection concept, more stringent requirements have been put forward for copper-based alloy sliding bearing materials. It is not only hoped that the copper-based bearing materials will be lead-free, but also have high bearing capacity and fatigue resistance. Lead-free nickel-containing copper-based alloy has the advantage of replacing traditional elastic beryllium bronze, which is used as antifriction and wear-resistant material in heat resistance. In this paper, lead-free copper-nickel, typical copper-lead bimetallic bearing materials were prepared by powder metallurgy, and the heat resistance, corrosion resistance and tribological properties of the bearing materials under different working conditions were studied. The friction and wear mechanism and corrosion mechanism of lead-free copper-nickel bearing materials were discussed with the help of micro-analysis method. The hardness of lead-free copper-nickel bearing materials remained the highest after heating at about 400 鈩，

本文编号：1612694